CHAPTER 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement Flashcards
(37 cards)
who noted in 1927 that intelligence had become a term with so many meanings that it effectively lost its significance?
C. Spearman
this person believed that intelligence was linked to sensory abilities; the most intelligent individuals had
superior sensory perceptions.
Francis Galton
this person critiqued Galton’s method of intellectual assessment, advocating for more complex measurements of intelligence.
Argued that intelligence involves the interaction of various abilities when solving problems, opposing the idea of assessing distinct processes with separate tests.
Alfred Binet
this person defined intelligence as an aggregate or global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally,
and effectively interact with the environment.
Recognized the importance of non intellective factors (conative, affective, personality traits) in assessing intelligence, including drive, persistence, and social awareness.
Proposed measuring intelligence by evaluating two primary abilities: verbal and performance-based
David Wechsler
this person viewed intelligence as an evolving biological adaptation to the environment
Jean Piaget
what is interactionism?
A central theme in the theories of Binet, Wechsler, and Piaget is the interaction between heredity and environment in shaping intelligence development
this person conceived intelligence as a combination of primary mental abilities (PMAs).
Developed the Primary Mental Abilities test,which measures individual PMAs through
separate tests for each ability
Louis L. Thurstone
these theories/theoretical approaches to intelligence aim to identify specific abilities or groups of abilities that constitute intelligence.
Factor-Analytic Theories
these theories/theoretical approaches focus on the mental processes involved in intelligence, emphasizing how information is processed and
utilized.
Information-Processing Theories
who pioneered techniques to measure intercorrelations between tests, leading to the
formulation of the g factor (general intelligence)?
they also proposed that intelligence consists of a generalintellectual ability (g) and specific abilities (s),
with g accounting for the variance common to all intelligence tests
Charles Spearman
who introduced group factors, intermediate factors common to a set of activities but not universal?
Charles Spearman
what are group factors?
intermediate factors common to a set of activities but not universal
who developed the Primary Mental Abilities test?
Louis L. Thurstone
in this theory, there are seven types of intelligence
it also emphasized that interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences relate closely to emotional intelligence.
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
this theory distinguished between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence
this model was expanded with additional cognitive abilities, such as visual processing
(Gv), auditory processing (Ga), and speed of processing (Gs).
Raymond Cattell and Horn’s Theory
this theory of intelligence proposed a hierarchical model with three strata
Carrol’s Three-Stratum Theory
what are the three strata present in Carrol’s Three-Stratum Theory?
Top stratum: g (general intelligence).
Second stratum: Eight broad abilities, including fluid and crystallized intelligence, memory, and processing
speed.
Lower strata: Various level factors specific to each ability.
this theoretical model is a blend of Cattel-Horn and Carroll’s theories, developed by Kevin S. McGrew
Features ten broad-stratum abilities (e.g., fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence) and over seventy narrow-stratum abilities.
Focuses on practical applications for psychoeducational assessments, avoiding
reliance on the g factor.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model
what are the three clusters that define intelligence in E.L Thorndike’s theory?
Social Intelligence: Interacting with people.
Concrete Intelligence: Dealing with physical objects.
Abstract Intelligence: Handling verbal and mathematical symbols
whose perspective focused on the mechanisms of information processing rather than the content of what is
processed?
Emphasizes how information is processed, highlighting different styles of processing.
Aleksandr Luria’s Perspective
this theory defined intelligence in terms of three clusters
Incorporated a general mental ability factor (g) as the number of neural connections in the brain.
E.L Thorndike’s Clusters of Intelligence
what are the two types of information-processing style?
- Simultaneous (Parallel) Processing
- Successive (Sequential) Processing
in this information-processing style:
Information is integrated all at once.
Useful for tasks that require a holistic understanding of information.
Simultaneous (Parallel) Processing
in this type of information processing style:
Information is processed piece by piece in a logical, analytic sequence.
Each bit of information is arranged and rearranged to make sense in a step-by-step manner
Successive (Sequential) Processing
