Chapter 9 Key Terms

Question 1

Acoustic neuromas

Answer 1

a benign tumor arising from the cells of the auditory nerve symptoms include dizziness and unsteady gait

Question 2

Anencephalus

Answer 2

a fetus lacking all or most of the brain

Question 3

Aphasia

Answer 3

impaired or absent ability to communicate due to an injury in the brain

Question 4

Arnold-Chiari

Answer 4

deformity of the posterior cranial fossa structures, it is associated with spina bifida

Question 5

Astrocytoma

Answer 5

glioma that arises from different parts of the brain depending on the age of the patient and accounts for about 3% of all intracranial neoplasms

Question 6

Cauda equina

Answer 6

the bundle of spinal nerves arising from the lumbar sacral region

Question 7

Cerebral hemorrhage

Answer 7

hemorrhage into the substance of the cerebrum

Question 8

Cerebrovascular accidents

Answer 8

a term that is used for cerebral stroke, however, the term is imprecise

Question 9

Chordoma

Answer 9

a rare neoplasm of the skeletal tissue in adults

Question 10

Concussion

Answer 10

an injury of the soft tissue of the brain as a result of violent shaking or blow with partial or complete loss of function

Question 11

Contusion

Answer 11

an injury as a result of a blow that causes bleeding beneath the unbroken skin

Question 12

Craniopharyngioma

Answer 12

neoplasm that arises in the sella turcica area of the brain

Question 13

Encephalitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the brain parenchyma

Question 14

Epidural abscess

Answer 14

abscess that occurs on or outside the dura mater

Question 15

Epidural hemorrhage

Answer 15

a bleed located in the space above the dura mater

Question 16

External hydrocephaly

Answer 16

hydrocephalus that occurs from faulty reabsorption of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 17

Extradural hematoma

Answer 17

an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater

Question 18

Germinomas

Answer 18

neoplasm that arises from the gonads or the pineal region of the brain

Question 19

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 19

a rapidly growing, invasive malignant neoplasm of the cerebrum

Question 20

Glioma

Answer 20

benign neoplasm derived from various types of cells that form the interstitial tissue of the brain or spinal cord

Question 21

Hematoma

Answer 21

localized mass of extravasated blood that is relatively or completely confined within an organ

Question 22

Hydrocephaly

Answer 22

excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid causing dilation of the ventricles and increased intracranial pressure

Question 23

Internal hydrocephaly

Answer 23

hydrocephalus that occurs from a blockage in the foramen from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space causing the cerebrospinal fluid to stay within the ventricles

Question 24

Intracerebral hemorrhage (intraparenchymal hemorrhage)

Answer 24

bleeding within the substance of the brain tissue

Question 25

Medulloblastoma

Answer 25

malignant neoplasm that occurs most often in children arising from the cerebellum

Question 26

Meningioma

Answer 26

a benign encapsulated neoplasm of arachnoid origin

Question 27

Meningitis

Answer 27

inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

Microcephaly

Answer 28

abnormal smallness of head

Question 29

Neurofibroma

Answer 29

a benign encapsulated tumor occurring in the spinal cord and characterized by foraminal widening

Question 30

Neurons

Answer 30

functional unit of the nervous system consisting of the cell body with dendrites and axons

Question 31

Stroke

Answer 31

any clinical event that involves the circulation of the cerebral area and lasting longer than 24 hours

Question 32

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 32

a bleed located in the space beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater

Question 33

Subdural empyema

Answer 33

area of pus located in the subdural space

Question 34

Subdural hematoma

Answer 34

an accumulation of blood in the subdural space

Question 35

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

Answer 35

a sudden focal loss of neurologic function with complete recovery usually within 24 hours