Chapter Test Feb 10 Flashcards
What are the parts of Darwin’s theory of natural selection? What kinds of thoughts influenced his theory?
A) the most fit organism survives, these organisms reproduce, those who aren’t fit could become extinct.
B) Lamarck-use or disuse
Malthus- competition,
Wallace- similar theory of natural selection , breeders showed artificial selection. Galapagos voyage showed showed him variations of many species.
C) Darwin DID NOT know about DNA evidence for his theory. Other scientists found that much more recently.
What kinds of traits can be passed down?
Only genetic/ inherited traits
Which fossils lived most recently? Which ones are the oldest?
The fossils found on the bottom of a stack are the oldest, the newest are on top.
Define the terms homology, analogy. Describe how they are similar and different.
Homology and analogy both mean organisms have similar traits. However homologies are due to a common ancestor while analogies are due to living in a similar environment.
Know that organisms that share common structured are closely related.
On a cladogram, the more closely related they are, the more traits they will have in common.
Which organisms will have the most similar DNA?
Organisms that have the most traits in common.
What kinds of evidence exists for the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Fossil features, observable featured, DNA evidence.
Define natural selection and fitness.
Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution saying that the most fit( well suited) for the environment are most likely to pass on their traits through reproduction and the least fit are less likely to survive to reproduce.
Compare and contrast Darwin and Lamarck’s theories.
Lamarck thought individuals could evolve traits to change their bodies. This was wrong. However, traits that’s you see in a population over time can be observed which is what Darwin thought.
How are hypotheses different from theories?
Theories are based on a very large body of evidence and take a lot of time to develop. They have been shown to be correct through many experiments.
What is evolution?
Change in the genetic traits of a population over time.
