Chapter Thirteen

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

Disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives

Question 2

Medical Model

Answer 2

Physical cause (syphilis) of a mental disorder triggered search for curative treatments for other mental disorders

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

Study of environmental influences on gene expressions that occur without a DNA change

Question 4

DSM-5-TR

Answer 4

American Psychiatric Association’s 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 5

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 6

Individual is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 7

Panic Disorder

Answer 7

Individuals experience sudden terror accompanied by chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Question 8

Specific Phobia

Answer 8

Characterized by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 9

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 9

Characterized by unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Question 10

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 10

Disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 11

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 11

Mental health condition that causes a person to have an extreme focus on one or more physical symptoms, along with excessive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors related to those symptoms

Question 12

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 12

Anxiety disorder that causes people to have an excessive and persistent fear of having a serious illness, even when there is no medical evidence to support it

Question 13

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 13

Chemical substance that alters the brain, causing changes in perceptions and moods

Question 14

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 14

Disorder characterized by continued substance use despite significant life disruption

Question 15

Tolerance

Answer 15

Dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 16

Addiction

Answer 16

Compulsive substance use (or dysfunctional behavior patterns) that continue despite harmful consequences

Question 17

Withdrawal

Answer 17

Discomfort and distress that follow ending the use of an addictive drug or behavior

Question 18

Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 18

Alcohol use characterized by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

Question 19

Depressants

Answer 19

Reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 20

Barbiturates

Answer 20

Depress central nervous system activity

Question 21

Opioids

Answer 21

Depress nervous system activity; provide temporary relief from anxiety and pain

Question 22

Stimulants

Answer 22

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 23

Nicotine

Answer 23

Stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco; one of most addictive stimulants

Question 24

Cocaine

Answer 24

Powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant

Question 25

Amphetamines

Answer 25

Drugs that stimulate neural activity

Question 26

Methamphetamine

Answer 26

Stimulates the central nervous system

Question 27

Hallucinogens

Answer 27

Psychedelic drugs that distort perception and trigger sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 28

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 28

Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen

Question 29

Near-Death Experience

Answer 29

Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death

Question 30

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

Answer 30

Powerful hallucinogenic drug; known as acid

Question 31

THC

Answer 31

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major active ingredient in marijuana that triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Question 32

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 32

Depressed for two weeks or more; the most common form of depression is major depressive disorder

Question 33

Bipolar Disorders

Answer 33

Characterized by alternating between hopelessness/ weariness of depression and verexcited state of mania

Question 34

What are delusions

Answer 34

False beliefs

Question 35

Mania

Answer 35

Little need for sleep, easily irritable nature, fewer sexual inhibitions

Question 36

Psychotic Disorders

Answer 36

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Question 37

Schizophrenia

Answer 37

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 38

Acute Schizophrenia

Answer 38

Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

Question 39

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 39

Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Question 40

Delusion

Answer 40

False and paranoid belief

Question 41

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 41

Controversial and rare disorders in which conscious awareness is separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 42

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 42

Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities

Question 43

What was DID peviously called

Answer 43

Mutiple personality disorder

Question 44

Personality Disorders

Answer 44

Inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning

Question 45

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 45

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members

Question 46

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 46

Person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception accompanied by excessive exercise (not most accurate definition)

Question 47

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 47

Person’s binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior

Question 48

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 48

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the behavior to compensate that marks bulimia nervosa

Question 49

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 49

Typical changes are disrupted in childhood because of unusual features of the central nervous system

Question 50

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Answer 50

Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

Question 51

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 51

Disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Question 52

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 52

Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 53

Positive Symptoms

Answer 53

Inappropriate behaviors are present

Question 54

Negative Symptoms

Answer 54

Appropriate behaviors are absent