Chapter7&8-Cognition Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter7&8-Cognition Deck (22)
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1
Q

____was the dominant form of

psychology for most of the last century

A

Behaviorism

2
Q

Behaviorists did not believe what? Did believe what? List 2 behaviorists?

A

NO “mind exist”, all human behaviors due to conditioning. Watson and Skinner

3
Q

What’s the main object been against by the conception of cognitive psychology? Who said it?

A

Disagreed with behaviorism because certain aspects of human LANGUAGE are special and cannot be learned.
Noam Chomsky

4
Q

What conception did Noam Chomsky say about cognitive psychology?

A

Poverty(缺乏) of the Stimulus-info a child gained is much not enough to learn a complex and complete language.

5
Q

Cognitive psychology? What is mind similar to?

A

we are born with a mind that has certain capabilities.similar to the hardware that is pre-built into a computer.

6
Q

These capabilities include?

A

memory, attention, perception(感知), language, intelligence, problem-solving.[MAP LIP]

7
Q

LTP?

A

Long-term Potential, patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons. The main indicator to memory and study.

8
Q

Types of memory

A

(duration from short to long)Sensory Memory, Working Memory, Long-Term Memory

9
Q

What can and cannot to Henry
Molaison after been taken out his hippocampus(海马体). Assemble with the distinction between working memory and long-term memory?

A

HE CAN:
1. IQ and reasoning skills were the same
2. Working memory was functioning O.K
3. He knew words and the meaning of words
4. He could remember things in the past, like
where he grew up
HE CAN’T:
1. He couldn’t form new memories
2. He would forget a conversation that happened a couple minutes previously

H.M. HAD good long-term and working memory
However he couldn’t transfer working memory to long-term memory.

10
Q

What did we learn from Henry Molaison?

A

The hippocampus is responsible for taking working memory and bringing it into long-term memory

11
Q

Two forms of long-term memory?

A

Episodic Memory(Memory of your first date): experience

Semantic Memory(knowledge of birds): Knowledge of facts.

12
Q

Memory ways?

A

Schemas: range and organize
Chunking: shorter and briefer
Mnemonics: using cues could remind of

13
Q

Have you ever been wrong about something and thought, why the heck did I believe that!

A

It might be due to Source Misattribution Error

14
Q

Flashbulb Memory?

A

Memory assembled with shock event.

15
Q

Heuristics?

A

启发法,用见到的做决定。(such as look, price, off%)

16
Q

Anchoring?

A

固点法,有一个固定价值或起始价。We prefer the things better than we thought. We prefer things had a higher initial price.

17
Q

Framing?

A

Costs with benefits.

18
Q

Availability Heuristic?

A

Make decision base on how easy it is to retrieve info

19
Q

the Paradox of Choice?

A

There is a certain amount of choices the most likely to help people making a decision. Otherwise, it will produce a negative affection on making decision neither less nor too many.

20
Q

Semantics vs Syntax?

A

语义 vs 语构

does it make sense?

21
Q

Skinner vs Chomsky

A

Language is learned by reinforcement
vs
Language cannot be learned by reinforcement

22
Q

Who made the first IQ test?

A

Alfred Banet and his college Theodore Simon