chapter_9 substannce use Q&A

Question 1

What are the two main types of substance-related disorders?

Answer 1

Substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders.

Question 2

What is the definition of withdrawal in substance use?

Answer 2

The development of physical or psychological symptoms after reducing or stopping substance intake.

Question 3

What is tolerance in substance use?

Answer 3

The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same psychological effect.

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with stimulant use?

Answer 4

Dopamine (DA).

Question 5

What is cross-tolerance?

Answer 5

The development of tolerance to one substance due to use of another.

Question 6

What are some examples of CNS stimulants?

Answer 6

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine.

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism of action for stimulants?

Answer 7

They increase dopamine availability by stimulating release and blocking reuptake.

Question 8

Which substance causes formication (‘cocaine bugs’)?

Answer 8

Cocaine.

Question 9

What is the most commonly used substance worldwide?

Answer 9

Alcohol.

Question 10

What is the legal intoxication BAC level?

Answer 10

0.08%–0.15% BAC.

Question 11

Which withdrawal syndrome has a 20% mortality rate and occurs on day 3?

Answer 11

Delirium tremens (DTs).

Question 12

What is the main neurotransmitter affected by sedatives?

Answer 12

GABA.

Question 13

Which medication is used for benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 13

Flumazenil (Mazicon, Romazicon).

Question 14

What are the main opioid withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 14

Yawning, sweating, rhinorrhea, diarrhea.

Question 15

What are the main opioid maintenance treatments?

Answer 15

Methadone and Buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone).

Question 16

What is the active compound in marijuana?

Answer 16

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Question 17

What syndrome is associated with chronic marijuana use?

Answer 17

Amotivational syndrome.

Question 18

Which hallucinogen is associated with vertical/horizontal nystagmus and violent behavior?

Answer 18

PCP (Phencyclidine).

Question 19

What receptor does PCP primarily bind to?

Answer 19

NMDA glutamate receptors.

Question 20

Which substance use disorder is associated with pupil dilation?

Answer 20

Stimulants and LSD use.

Question 21

Which substance use disorder is associated with pupil constriction?

Answer 21

Opioid use.

Question 22

Which medications are used for alcohol dependence maintenance therapy?

Answer 22

Disulfiram (Antabuse), Naltrexone (ReVia), Acamprosate (Campral).

Question 23

What medications are used for smoking cessation?

Answer 23

Nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum), Varenicline (Chantix), Bupropion (Zyban).

Question 24

What is the primary treatment for opioid overdose?

Answer 24

Naloxone (Narcan).

Question 25

Which treatment is recommended for stimulant withdrawal?

Answer 25

Supportive care.

Question 26

Which organizations provide peer support for substance use disorders?

Answer 26

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA).

Question 27

Which therapy is commonly used for relapse prevention?

Answer 27

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Question 28

What is a dual-diagnosis patient (MICA)?

Answer 28

A patient with both psychiatric and substance use disorders.

Question 29

What are the common signs of alcohol withdrawal in the emergency department?

Answer 29

Tremors, seizures, hallucinations, and autonomic instability.

Question 30

Which neurotransmitter is most affected by hallucinogens?

Answer 30

Serotonin (5-HT).