Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10

Question 1

It is an instrumental method of analysis which determines the presence of trace elements.

Answer 1

Spectrographic Test

Question 2

It is not as effective as the spectrographic analysis. It determines the type of pattern of glass. The type of pattern depends upon the composition of glass.

Answer 2

X-ray Diffraction Test

Question 3

It is the most sensitive method of determining differences of composition in glass samples and depends upon the study of the physical properties of glass.

Answer 3

Physical Properties Examination

Question 4

It is a rapid and convenient method of determining the density of small glass fragments. Procedure and principle are the same as in soil.

Answer 4

Flotation Method

Question 5

It is a method used to measure the refractive index of a glass. It is difficult to distinguish between two samples of glass by density and refractive index.

Answer 5

Immersion Method

Question 6

It determines the differences in the appearance of the fluorescent thus indication of physical and chemical differences.

Answer 6

Ultraviolet Light Examination

Question 7

It a strong mark produced by pressure that goes below the surface. A stamp, form or figure resulting from physical contact. It causes damage to object.

Answer 7

Impression

Question 8

It is a weak mark made by pressure that stays on the surface.

Answer 8

Imprint

Question 9

It is a faithful reproduction of an impression with the use of casting materials.

Answer 9

Moulage

Question 10

It is any material which can be changed from a plastic or liquid state to the solid condition.

Answer 10

Casting Material

Question 11

For foot impression and tire impression, _____________ is the best casting material.

Answer 11

Plaster of Paris

Question 12

It is used for small impressions as tooth impression, tool impression. It is a variety of solder with melting 60o to 70°C. It is made of B-50%, Pb-25%, Sn-12.5% and Cd-12.5%.

Answer 12

Wood’s Metal

Question 13

It is used for small impression.

Answer 13

Plastic Material

Question 14

It is used for human body as cast of hand or face. It is rubbery gelatinous consisting material consisting of colloidal magnesium soap.

Answer 14

Negocoll

Question 15

It is a brown substance used for backing and strengthening the hominid.

Answer 15

Celerit

Question 16

It is sometimes required to make a cast of a human hand or face. It is important that the temperature of the negative material should be below 110 F (43.3 C).

Answer 16

Cast of Human Body

Question 17

It is the art of extracting and working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge.

Answer 17

Metallurgy

Question 18

It is the art of extracting and working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge.

Answer 18

Metallurgy

Question 19

It is a branch of metallurgy that involves the study of the microstructures of metals and alloys.

Answer 19

Metallography

Question 20

These are coins made to imitate the real thing and used for gain.

Answer 20

Counterfeit Coins

Question 21

These are coins made in molds.

Answer 21

Cast coins

Question 22

These are coins made by striking or stamping method.

Answer 22

Struck coins

Question 23

Tampered serial numbers are restored by the application of ______________.

Answer 23

etching liquid

Question 24

It is a fluid used to restore tampered serial numbers.

Answer 24

Etching fluid

Question 25

It is the branch of geology that deals with the systematic classification and identification of rocks, rock forming minerals and soils.

Answer 25

Petrography

Question 26

It is formed from soil particles that were washed, blown, or moved by gravity to the lowlands.

Answer 26

Alluvial Soil

Question 27

It is formed from the decomposition of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, the decomposed particles moved by gravity.

Answer 27

Colluvial Soil

Question 28

It is an inactive, not migratory soil.

Answer 28

Sedentary Soil

Question 29

It is produced by volcanic or intense heat.

Answer 29

Igneous Rock

Question 30

It has undergone changed in structure, texture through pressure, heat and chemical reaction, like limestone into marble.

Answer 30

Metamorphic Rock

Question 31

It is formed by sediments.

Answer 31

Sedimentary rock or sandstone

Question 32

It includes undecomposed rock fragments ranging from stone down through pebbles, sand and silt.

Answer 32

Primary minerals

Question 33

In cases involving footprints, tool marks, tooth impressions, __________________ may not serve the purpose. Using a mold called __________ can only make a faithful reproduction of these objects.

Answer 33

photographic representation; moulage

Question 34

In the ________________, fine marks are often left on the surface which can sometimes serve as a basis of comparison.

Answer 34

polishing of glass

Question 35

It is a form of silica. It is a crystalline mineral, usually colorless and transparent. It is also called quartz sand. It originates primarily from igneous rock but much of the soil quartz is contributed directly by metamorphic and sedimentary rock. It is a common mineral. It is an almost universal component of soil.

Answer 35

Quartz

Question 36

It is a white mineral obtained from sedimentary rock; similar to Limestone.

Answer 36

Dolomite Limestone

Question 37

It is a mineral that crystalline in thin, flexible layers, resistant to heat.

Answer 37

Mica

Question 38

Their composition gives rise to clay along with more or less soluble salts of the metals named.

Answer 38

Feldspar (Silicate of Aluminum or Sodium, or Barium, Calcium, Potassium)

Question 39

It is a product of decomposition of primary minerals.

Answer 39

Clay minerals

Question 40

These are extensively used in commercial and private laboratories us general procedure.

Answer 40

1. X-ray diffraction 2. Spectrographic Analysis 3. Thermal Analysis

Question 41

These have been described as “matter in the wrong place.”

Answer 41

Dust and dirt

Question 42

It is dust mixed with water.

Answer 42

Mud

Question 43

It is a matter which is dry and in finely divided form.

Answer 43

Dust

Question 44

It is formed when dust is moved with the sweat and grease of the human body this formed.

Answer 44

Grime or Heavy Dirt

Question 45

These are extremely fine dust particles present in the air everywhere.

Answer 45

Dust deposited from the Air

Question 46

This is produced by the wear and tear of the road surface by vehicular and pedestrian traffic together with particles of soil carried by the wind or rain from adjoining regions.

Answer 46

Road and Footpath Dust

Question 47

Some of the finely powdered material may be found on the clothing and footwear of employees engaged in such industries.

Answer 47

Occupational Dust

Question 48

Industries like cement, button, powdered gypsum and plaster of paris factories, flour milling paint pigments, involves industrial processes impart a pronounce local character to the dust on the neighboring roads and buildings.

Answer 48

Industrial Dust

Question 49

From the forensic chemical point of view, the identification of ______________ is of great importance. In criminal investigation, the identification of the person through the articles of clothing left in the scene of crime or in a vehicle may place him in an identifiable class and thus serves to distinguish him from the great majority of other persons.

Answer 49

occupational dust

Question 50

Because of its inherent defects, modern ammunition plants abandoned the use of this.

Answer 50

Black Powder

Question 51

It is the most widely used propellant. It can either be single base propellant or double propellant.

Answer 51

Smokeless Powder

Question 52

It is possibly the oldest known explosive. It is consisting of an intimate mixture of charcoal-15%, sulfur-10% and potassium or sodium nitrate 75%. When exploded in open space the following reaction occurs: 2KNO3 + 3C + → 3CO2 + K2S + N2.

Answer 52

Black Powder

Question 53

It is the most widely used propellant. It is consisting of Cellulose Nitrate or Glyceryl Nitrate combined with Cellulose Nitrate and some stabilizers.

Answer 53

Smokeless Powder

Question 54

It affects the speed with which powder burns.

Answer 54

Humidity

Question 55

The burned residues are partially burned particles may escape around the breech of the gun and implanted on the exposed surface of the hand firing the gun and the presence of this particles serves as a basis for the _______________________.

Answer 55

diphenylamine-paraffin test

Question 56

It is a test to determine whether a person fired a gun or not with bare hands.

Answer 56

Diphenylamine Test or Dermal Nitrate Test or Lunge

Question 57

It is the taking of the cast to extract the nitrates embedded or implanted in the skin.

Answer 57

Paraffin Test

Question 58

It is the chemical aspect of the test. It determines the presence and distribution of nitrates.

Answer 58

Diphenylamine Test

Question 59

In cases involving shooting incidents where paraffin test is required, the person suspected to have fired a gun should be subjected to diphenylamine-paraffin test immediately and in no case should it be postponed ___________________ after shooting.

Answer 59

seventy-two (72) hours

Question 60

It is the slight burning of the clothing.

Answer 60

Singeing

Question 61

It is the blackening of area around the bullet hole.

Answer 61

Smudging

Question 62

It is a black coarsely peppered pattern.

Answer 62

Tattooing

Question 63

The smoke and soot from the burned powder will be deposited around the hole of entrance producing a dirty grimy appearance (covered with soot, dirt adhering or embedded on the surface).

Answer 63

Held from 2 inches to 8 inches (maximum)

Question 64

Tattooing is visible. The partially burned and unburned powder particles will be driven into the surface around the gunshot hole producing a black coarsely peppered pattern called tattooing.

Answer 64

Held from 8 inches to 36 inches

Question 65

Evidence of powder tattooing is seldom present.

Answer 65

Held beyond 36 inches

Question 66

The characteristic patterns observed are as follows: 1. Gaping hole where fabric is badly torn; 2. Smudging; 3. Singeing of the fibers at the entrance; and 4. Tattooing. Presence of partially burned powdered residues around the entrance hole that may be embedded in the fabric. This could be present originally but may have become dislodged by rough handling of the specimen or may have been blown into the wound or may have been wasted by bleeding.

Answer 66

Held directly in contact

Question 67

It is a weapon on high velocity projectile. Gunshot range is difficult to estimate due to high velocity of the projectile and the wide variation produced on the wound of entrance.

Answer 67

Rifle

Question 68

As a general rule, the size of the ______ closely appreciate the size of the bullet.

Answer 68

wound

Question 69

At the Crime Laboratory, if the gun is examined immediately after the shooting, the chemistry rely more on the ______ of the barrel.

Answer 69

odor

Question 70

It is a black substance that is formed by combustion rises in fine particles and adheres to the side of the barrel conveying the smoke.

Answer 70

Soot

Question 71

It is any substance that may cause an explosion by its sudden decomposition or combustion.

Answer 71

Explosive

Question 72

These are combustible materials containing within themselves all oxygen needed for their combustion which burn but do not explode and function by producing gas which produces explosion.

Answer 72

Propellants or Low Explosives

Question 73

These explode or detonate when they are heated or subjected to shock. They do not burn. Sometimes they do not even contain the elements necessary for combustion. The materials themselves explode and the explosion results whether they are confined or not.

Answer 73

Primary Explosives or Indicators

Question 74

These explode under the influence of the shock of the explosion of a primary explosive. They do not function by burning, in fact not all of them can be ignited by a flame and in small amount generally burn tranquilly and can be extinguished easily.

Answer 74

High Explosives

Question 75

It is the most readily available and cheapest salt of nitric acid.

Answer 75

Ammonium Nitrate (AN)

Question 76

It is made by mixing nitroglycerine with powdered clay or sawdust.

Answer 76

Dynamite

Question 77

It is the most widely used explosive. It is used mostly for military explosive.

Answer 77

TNT (Trinitrotoluene)

Question 78

It is widely used in industrial explosive. It has been the main component in many dynamites. It is a mixture of Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid and Glycerine.

Answer 78

Nitroglycerine (NG)

Question 79

It is a military explosive that looks like ordinary putty or molding clay.

Answer 79

Plastic Explosive

Question 80

It is also called trinitrophenol.

Answer 80

Picric Acid

Question 81

It is often referred to as a plastic explosive.

Answer 81

C-4

Question 82

It is also called hexagon or cyclonite, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. It is a plastic explosive. It is the most important military explosives used today.

Answer 82

RDX

Question 83

It is the principal constituent in the filter used in tear gas solutions. It is commonly used tear gas.

Answer 83

Chloroacetophenone (CN)

Question 84

It is an incendiary device, not a bomb. It is easily constructed of the most common materials. It consists of frangible container, like glass bottle filled with gasoline or any inflammable mixture and having a piece of absorbent cloth for a wick or fuse.

Answer 84

Molotov cocktail

Question 85

It consists of 2/3 and 1/3 gas and sulfuric acid respectively.

Answer 85

Modern Molotov