Chapters 9 and 10- Vessels

Question 1

3 layers of aorta and vein

Answer 1

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

Question 2

The tunica media is thicker in arteries because of

Answer 2

pressure from the heart

Question 3

fluid and blood show up black on ultrasound. this is called?

Answer 3

Anechoic

Question 4

bone shows up bright white on ultrasound. this is called?

Answer 4

hyperechoic

Question 5

Tissue that is darker than the surrounding tissue is referred to as

Answer 5

Hypoechoic

Question 5

where is the Celiac Access/trunk in relation to the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

Answer 5

Superior

Question 6

Describe the location of the aorta.

Answer 6

It runs superior to inferior along the left of the spine.

Question 6

The first branch of the aorta

Answer 6

Celiac artery/access/trunk

Question 6

The third branch of the aorta

Answer 6

R and L Renal arteries

Question 7

Celiac artery/access/trunk branches location

Answer 7

Arises below the liver and branches into the common hepatic, splenic, L gastric arteries.

Question 8

Superior Mesenteric Artery location

Answer 8

Inferior to the celiac axis and runs parallel to aorta

Question 9

What is the difference between the paths of the Right and Left Renal arteries?

Answer 9

Right runs posterior to IVC, Left runs straight to L kidney.

Question 10

What organs are supplied by the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

Answer 10

small bowel, cecum, ascending colon and part of transverse colon.

Question 11

What organs are supplied by the R and L Renal arteries?

Answer 11

kidney, adrenal glands, ureter

Question 12

Second branch of the aorta

Answer 12

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 13

When looking at a Transverse ultrasound, which main vessel is on the Patient’s Right?

Answer 13

The IVC

Question 14

In a sagittal ultrasound, which structure appears more anterior? The IVC or Aorta

Answer 14

The IVC

Question 15

Describe the course of the IVC

Answer 15

It courses from inferior to superior into the right atrium of the heart.

Question 16

Name the four sections of the IVC

Answer 16

Hepatic, Pre-Renal, Renal, and Post-Renal

Question 17

What is different about the brances of the IVC that are on the left side?

Answer 17

The left side brances/veins must go around the aorta

Question 18

What is the normal diameter of the Right renal vein

Answer 18

5.5 cm

Question 19

What is the normal diameter of the IVC?

Answer 19

2.5 cm

Question 20

What is the normal length of the Left iliac Vein?

Answer 20

7.5 cm

Question 21

The pressure is lower in the IVC than the aorta. How does the blood in veins circulate?

Answer 21

With respiration and changes in thoracic pressure.

Question 22

Does the IVC have valves?

Answer 22

no. valves are found in extremities such as arms or legs.

Question 23

The IVC should not exceed a diameter of

Answer 23

3.7 cm

Question 24

Why do veins contain valves?

Answer 24

The momentim of blood (when the heart is in systole) forces the valves open and when the momentum decreases (during diastole), the valves close to prevent backflow of blood

Question 25

What are the three variants of the IVC that could be considered normal

Answer 25

A double IVC, left-positioned IVC, or rarely an absence of the IVC

Question 26

What is Hematocrit? What might it indicate?

Answer 26

Percentage of RBC to whole blood used to measure bleeding from the arterial system. An abnormal decrease in RBC may also point to bleeding.

Question 27

Levels of cholesterol and lipids in the aorta might indicate..?

Answer 27

The potential for pathology.

Question 28

What does the Celiac Artery split into?

Answer 28

The Common Hepatic Artery and the Splenic Artery. The left gastric artery also branches off.

Question 29

what is an aorta greater than 3 cm considered?

Answer 29

aneurysm

Question 30

an IVC greater than 3.7 might indicate what pathology?

Answer 30

congestive heart failure

Question 31

Where does the aorta leave the heart?

Answer 31

Left ventricle

Question 32

Where does the IVC enter the heart?

Answer 32

Right atrium