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ap world history 🌎 > chaptr 26 > Flashcards

chaptr 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Eunuchs (vocab)

A

A man who has been castrated, served as guards in women’s living areas

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2
Q

Yongle (vocab)

A

An emperor who reigned from 1403-1424 who launched a series of naval expeditions that sailed throughout the Indian Ocean

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3
Q

Manchus (vocab)

A

Manchurians who conquered China, putting an end to the Ming dynasty and founding the Qing dynasty

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4
Q

Nurhaci (vocab)

A

An ambitious chieftain who reigned from 1616-1626 and unified Manchu tribes into a unified state

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5
Q

Kangxi (vocab)

A

A voracious emperor who reigned from 1661-1722, who was Confucian scholar and an enlightened ruler

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6
Q

Qianlong (vocab)

A

An effective emperor who reigned from 1736-1795

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7
Q

Zheng He (vocab)

A

A eunuch admiral who led seven massive maritime expeditions with as many as 317 vessels and 28,000 men

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8
Q

Zhu Xi (vocab)

A

A twelfth century scholar who articulated the new form of neo-Confucianism

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9
Q

Tokugawa (vocab)

A

Shoguns who sought to lay the foundation for long term political and social stability, and provided generous support for neo-Confucian studies in an effort to promote traditional values

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10
Q

Shogun (vocab)

A

Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor

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11
Q

Daimyo (vocab)

A

Powerful territorial lords in early modern Japan

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12
Q

Francis Xavier (vocab)

A

A Jesuit who traveled to Japan in 1549 to seek converts to Christianity

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13
Q

Christovao Ferriera (vocab)

A

A Portuguese Jesuit who led the missionary in Japan who gave up Christianity under torture and adopted Buddhism

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14
Q

Qing Dynasty (vocab)

A

The final imperial dynasty in China lasting from 1644 to 1912, noted for its initial prosperity and tumultuous final years, and for being only the second time that China was not ruled by the Han people

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15
Q

Ming Dynasty (vocab)

A

Chinese dynasty from 1368-1644, founded by Hongwu and known for its cultural brilliance

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16
Q

Civil Service Examination (vocab)

A

A battery of grueling tests given at the district, provincial, and metropolitan levels that determined entry into Chinese civil service during the Ming and Qing dynasties

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17
Q

Yongle Encyclopedia (vocab)

A

A vast collection of Chinese philosophical, historical, and religious texts

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18
Q

Tokugawa Bakufu (vocab)

A

Feudal style of government that ruled Japan under the direction of shoguns from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868

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19
Q

Neo-Confucianism (vocab)

A

Philosophy that tried to merge the principles of Buddhist and Confucian thought; the most important neo-confucist being Zhu Xi

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20
Q

Dutch Learning (vocab)

A

European knowledge that reached Japan

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21
Q

Ukiyo (vocab)

A

Japanese word for floating worlds, Buddhist term for the insignificance of the world that came to represent the urban centers of Tokugawa Japan

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22
Q

Kabuki (vocab)

A

Japanese theatre where actors are free to improvise and embellish their words

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23
Q

Bunraku (vocab)

A

Japanese puppet theatre

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24
Q

The main goals of the conservative Ming and Qing dynasties was…

A

to maintain a stable society after the trauma of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty

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25
In an effort to stabilize China internally...
Ming emperors stressed Chinese traditions
26
The building of a tight, centralized state under the Ming dynasty was done through the use of...
mandarins and eunuchs
27
The decline of the Ming Dynasty was caused by...
pirates and a lackluster government
28
After the Manchus conquered China, they forbid...
intermarriage between Chinese and Manchu
29
The philosophy pattern and techniques used by the Qing were...
the same used by the Ming
30
The term "Son of Heaven" was used to describe...
Qing emperors with heavenly powers, sent to Earth to maintain order
31
Civil service examinations were used to...
determine the status of the participants
32
The day to day governance fell to...
the well-educated and highly literate scholar bureaucrats appointed by the emperor
33
During the time of the Qing Dynasty, patriarchal authority over females...
became tighter than ever before
34
Foot binding was a custom where...
the feet of women were wound to fit an unnatural, tiny shape
35
Like the imperial government, the Qing Chinese family was...
hierarchical, patriarchal, and authoritarian
36
The population growth in China during the 16th and 17th century was...
highly fluctuating, but eventually rose to 225 million
37
After the 17th century, Spanish merchants introduced...
American food crops to China
38
During the Qing Dynasty, foreign trade was...
limited and under tight governmental control
39
Chinese merchants worked either individually or...
in partnerships, which helped develop and grow the population
40
Despite the tight governmental control, foreign trade during the early Qing Dynasty brought...
Prosperity to China
41
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China fell behind technologically because...
the government favored political and social stability over technological innovations
42
Confucian tradition ranked three broad classes of commoners, which were...
peasants, artisans, and merchants
43
Moralists looked upon merchants as...
unscrupulous social parasites
43
Chinese scholar bureaucrats and gentry were easy to identify because...
they had distinctive clothing of black gowns with blue borders adorned
44
Confucian traditions were systematized by...
Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi
45
While Confucianism was supported at the imperial level, many people...
decided to read popular novels instead of confucian teachings
46
To promote Confucian values, the Ming and Qing dynasties...
supported educational programs at several levels
47
After the arrival of the Europeans, east Asian societies...
copied the ways of the more advanced Europeans
48
The founder of the Roman Catholic mission to China was...
Matteo Ricci, who began learning about Confucius and memorizing the Chinese language
49
Ricci preached that...
Confucianism and Christianity were very similar, if not the same
50
The main principle of the Japanese Tokugawa shoguns was...
to stabilize their realm and prevent return of a civil war
51
Starting in the 1630s, and lasting for more than two centuries, the shoguns...
issued a series of edicts sharply restricting Japanese relations with other lands
52
New crop strains, new methods of irrigation, and the use of fertilizer brought...
increased yields of rice
53
In the 17th century, the Japanese population rose by almost one third, from 22 million to...
29 million
54
During the Tokugawa era, merchants in Japan...
became increasingly wealthy and prominent
55
Economic growth in Japan had its roots in
increased agricultural production
56
Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi and the emphasis on filial piety and loyalty to superiors were both promoted by...
Tokugawa shoguns
57
The centers of Tokugawa urban culture were...
the ukiyo
58
Entertainment quarters such as teahouses, theaters, brothels, and public baths offered...
an escape from social responsibility and the rigid rules of conduct in the Tokugawa era
59
Who was Francis Xavier?
A Jesuit who traveled to Japan in 1549 and opened a mission to seek converts to Christianity
60
The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because...
the religion's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Taoism or Buddhism

ap world history 🌎 (21 decks)

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