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Chemistry C1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What type of charge is protons and neutrons ?

A 
Protons = positively charge 
Neutrons = no charge they are neutral
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1
Q

What is in the middle of atom ?

A

It contans protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What are the electrons

A

The electrons are around the nucleus
They are negatively charged

They occupy Shells around the nucleus

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3
Q

What are the no. Of protons equal to ?

A

No. Of protons = no. Of electrons in a atom

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4
Q

What is a ion ?

A

If some electrons are added or removed the ats becomes charged

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5
Q

What is a element ?

A

One type of atom

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6
Q

What does the periodic table show ?

A

They put elements with similar properties together

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7
Q

What is the vertical columns of periodic table ?

A

Groups all the elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
This is why elements in the same group have similar properties

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8
Q

What elements are in group 0?

A

They are noble gases
They have eight electrons in their outer shell apart from helium
So they are stable and un reactive

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9
Q

Where do you find the mass number?

A

The top number is the atomic number

This is no. of protons and neurons

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10
Q

Where is the atomic number ?

A

This is the no. Of protons so no.of electrons

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11
Q

What are the maximum no. Of electrons in each shell?

A

The first shell =2
2nd shell=8
3rd shell=8

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12
Q

What is a compound

A

When different elements react form chemical bond with other atoms form compounds

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13
Q

Fact

A

A compound which if form from a metal and non metal consist of ions

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14
Q

What is ionic bonding ?

A

The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and non metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions
The opposite charges of the ion means that they’re strongly attracted to each other

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15
Q

What is covalent bonding ?

A

A compound from non metal consist of molecules each atom shares an electrons with another atom

Each atom had to make enough covalent bonds to fill up its outer shell

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16
Q

What is limestone made out of?

A

Calcium carbonate

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17
Q

What is limestone make when it’s thermally decomposed

A

Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

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18
Q

What is the equation for calcium carbonate?

A

Calcium carbonate -> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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19
Q

When passing carbonate react and acid is it make?

A

Also reacts with acid to make a calcium salt and water

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20
Q

What is created when calcium oxide reacts with water

A

Calcium hydroxide

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21
Q

What is the equation of calcium hydroxide

A

Calcium oxide + water -> calcium hydroxide

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22
Q

What is could calcium hydroxide be used for ?

A

Neutralise acidic soil in field

Test for carbon dioxide

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23
Q

What is quarrying limestone ?

A

Making huge holes which permantally changes the landscape

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24
Disadvantages of quarrying limestone
Destroys the habitat of animals and birds Limestone needs to be transported away from the quarry -usually in lorries which causes more noise and pollution
25
How does making suff from limestone causes pollution ?
Cement factories makes a lot of dust which cause breathing problems for some people
26
Adv on quarrying limestone
* limestone provides things that people want eg houses and roads * limestone products are used to nutrilise acidic soil * limestone is also used in power station chimney to neutralised by limestone products * provides job
27
What are metal ores?
Metal all is a rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extraction of metal from it
28
How can the economic's of metal extraction and change over time give examples
If the market price of a metal drops a lot it might not be worth while extracting it is the price increases a lot then it might be worth while extracting more of the metal
29
How could metals be extracted from its ores chemically?
Either by reduction or electrolysis
30
What is reduction?
Reduction is the removal of oxygen most likely in a blast furnace
31
How is iron oxide extracted?
Because iron is the low carbon in the reactivity series I and tried could be extracted by reduction using carbon and is reduced in a blast furnace to make iron
32
In the reactivity series what could be vextracted by using electrolysis?
Anything above carbon?
33
Why can anything below carbon be extracted by reduction using carbon?
This is because carbon only takes the oxygen away from metals which I less reactive than carbon itself
34
Give an example of a metal that has to be extracted by electrolysis?
Aluminium or potassium sodium sodium or calcium or magnesium
35
What is a electrolysis
It means breaking down a substance using electricity
36
How could copper go through both the process of reduction and electrolysis?
Copper can be easily extracted by reduction with carbon or is heated in a furnace However I do Are produced this way is impure and in pure copper doesn't conduct electricity very well show electrolysis is used to purify and produces very pure copper which makes a better conductor
37
What is smelting
The ore is heated in a furnace
38
What is electrolyte ?
It is the requirement of a liquid come to conduct electricity
39
Why has the electron got free ions?
This is because they need to conduct electricity sand allow the whole thing to work
40
True or false electrons are taken by the positive and out and giving away by the negative cathode as I am gaining on leave an electron Dave but come atoms or molecules and are released
true
41
How is electricity prices used to get copper?
Electrons are portal copper atoms at the anode causing them to go into solution and copper2+ ions Copper2+ ions Nethercutt third gain electrons and come back into Copper atoms Impurity I dropped at the anode as a sludge last pure copper atoms bond to the cathode
42
What are cathode used for in creating electrolysis in copper?
Cathode starts as a thin piece of pure copper and more copper adds to it
43
What will happen if you put a reactive metal into a solution of a dissolved metal compound?
The reactive metal or replaced a less reactive metals in a compound this is because the more reactive metal bonds more strongly to the non-metal bit of a compound and pushes at the less reactive metal
44
Give an example of how the reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in the compound
Copper sulphate+ iron --> Iron sulphate + copper
45
What is bioleaching?
This uses bacteria to separate copper from copper self by the bacteria gets energy from the bond between copper and sulfur separating out the copper from the orebthe process
46
So what is actually extracted in bioleaching?
The leachate which is the solution produced by the process contains car park which can be extracted by filtering
47
What is phytomining?
This involves growing plants in soil that contains copper to plants can't use or get rid of the car park so it gradually build up in the leaf plants can be harvested tried and burned in a furnace the car park can be collected from the ashes in the furnace
48
What are the advantages of my mean metal ores?
It means that useful products can be made It provides local people with jobs and brings money into the area This means services such as transport and health can be improved
49
What are the disadvantages of mining ores
It is bad for the environment because it causes noise Scaring of the landscape loss of habitat
50
Give me up to for me somewhere recycling metal is important?
Fossil fuels are Running out so it's important to conserve them also then and then contribute to acid rain global dimming and climate change There's a finite amount of each metal in the ass so recycling conserve these resources Recycling save money Reciting metals copper on the amount of rubbish that gets sent to landfill and landfill takes up space underneath the surrounding
75
What is the adv of copper ?
Good conductor of electricity so ideal to use in electrical wiring
76
What is the properties of aluminum ?
It's corrosion resistant and has a low density
77
What is the properties of titanium ?
Is low density metal unlike aluminum it's very strong and also corrosion resistant
78
Dis of pure iron
Regular arrangement of identical atoms so layers can easily slide over each other which makes the iron soft and easily shaped. The iron is too bendy for most uses
79
What is crude oil ?
Mixture of hydrocarbon
80
What is hydrocarbon made out of? | What is hydrocarbon ?
Basically fuels such as petrol & diesel Made out of just carbon and hydrogen
81
Is crude oil alkanes or alkenes??
Alkanes
82
What is the formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
83
Describe the stages I fractional distillation ?
1) the crude oil is heated to 350*c- most of the compound in the crude oil evaporate 2) any liquid flows down to the bottom of the column and the hot vapours rises up the column 3) when the hot vapours rise up the column the vapours cool 4) when a fraction in the vapours cool to its boiling point the fraction confesses 5) the condensed fractions is separated and flows through a pipe
84
What is the primordial soup?
A fear are you based on how life was formed
85
Based on the primordial soup how was life formed?
The earth atmosphere was rich in nitrogen hydrogen Ammonia and methane. Lightning strike causing a chemical reaction between the gas which formed amino acids The amino acid was collected in a body of water and simple living organism began

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