Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Hydrophobic

Answer 0

“Water fearing”

Non polar molecules that don’t mix with water

Question 1

Hydrophilic

Answer 1

“Water loving”

Specifically polar molecules (tend to mix with water, which is polar)

Question 2

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Bond in water (negative oxygen to positive nitrogen)

Especially strong in water because of small molecule size

Question 3

Polarity

Answer 3

Oppositely charged ends

Usually molecules with oxygen and nitrogen tend to be polar (especially when bonded to hydrogen)

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

Carbohydrate 
Simple sugars (like glucose, galactose)

Question 5

Disaccharides

Answer 5

Carbohydrate

Two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis (sucrose=glucose+fructose, maltose, lactose)

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

Carbohydrate

Many simple sugars linked like starch and glycogen

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

Sugar and starches

Question 8

Glycerol

Answer 8

Not sure..

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

Polysaccharide
Shorter, branched chains of glucose
“Animal starch” stored in liver

Question 10

Phospholipids

Answer 10

Important component of membranes in eukaryotic cells

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

DNA, RNA, and nucleotides

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Fats, oils, and waxes
Used for long term energy storage and structural components in organisms
Nonpolar

Question 13

Triglycerides

Answer 13

Lipid

Glycerin + 3 fatty acids

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

Polysaccharide
Very long chains of glucose
Makes up plant cell walls

Question 15

Chitin

Answer 15

Polysaccharide
Contains nitrogen group
Makes up cell wall of fungi and is important in insect exoskeleton

Question 16

Amylose

Answer 16

Polysaccharide

Component of starch

Question 17

Saturated

Answer 17

All single bonds

Question 18

Unsaturated

Answer 18

Presence of double bonds

Question 19

Proteins

Answer 19

Chains of amino acids

Used for structure of organisms and enzymes

Question 20

Amino acids

Answer 20

Make up proteins

Connected by peptide bonds

Question 21

Primary protein structure

Answer 21

Order of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 22

Secondary protein structure

Answer 22

Results from formation of hydrogen bonds (folding and bending in sheets or helixes)

Question 23

Tertiary structure

Answer 23

Formed by attraction of amino acids farther from one another (folding into 3D shape)

Question 24

Disulfide bridges

Answer 24

Formed between cysteine molecules

Question 25

Quaternary structures

Answer 25

Combination of multiple polypeptides to form completed protein

Question 26

Enzymes

Answer 26

Protein catalysts that control bio chemicals

Question 27

Peptide bonds

Answer 27

Connect amino acids

Chain of amino acids is a polypeptide