Chemistry Powerpoint

Question 1

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents; Not injected chemically. ex- surface pack.

Answer 1

Accessory Chemical

Question 2

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used; Comes pre-mixed in bottle.

Answer 2

Modifying Agents

Question 3

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection; Generally fall into one of three categories: pre-injection, co-injection, and humectants or restorative fluids; Separate bottles.

Answer 3

Supplemental Fluid

Question 4

A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water (aqueous) solution.

Answer 4

ACID (ARRHENIUS)

Question 5

A substance that donates a proton.

Answer 5

ACID (BRONSTED-LOWRY)

Question 6

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.

Answer 6

ACID (LEWIS)

Question 7

Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells.

Answer 7

Active Dyes/Staining Dyes/Cosmetic Dyes

Question 8

Natural or synthetic that is used to impart a color to another material.

Answer 8

Dye

Question 9

Are used to distinguish the difference between various chemicals; normally blue; found in cavity fluid.

Answer 9

Passive Dyes

Question 10

A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.

Answer 10

ADIPOCERE (GRAVEWAX)

Question 11

The reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap).

Answer 11

SAPONIFICATION

Question 12

Intravascular: the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels (Congealing); General

Answer 12

Agglutination

Question 13

The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde (Congealing); Specific

Answer 13

COAGULATION

Question 14

A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition (Soluble)

Answer 14

Albumin

Question 15

Proteins that have been Cross-Linked by preservatives to become highly unsusceptible to decomposition (Insoluble).

Answer 15

Albuminoids

Question 16

A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon - carbon multiple bonds; formerly called the paraffin series.

Answer 16

ALKANE aka Saturated Hydrocarbons.

Question 17

A hydrocarbon containing a double bond.

Answer 17

ALKENE

Question 18

A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.

Answer 18

ALKYNE

Question 19

Is less dangerous than beta radiation and Gamma Radiation.

Answer 19

Alpha Radiation

Question 20

Is more dangerous than alpha radiation but less dangerous than gamma rays.

Answer 20

Beta Radiation

Question 21

Is more dangerous than Beta Radiation or Alpha Radiation; a type of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 21

Gamma Rays

Question 22

A building up process.

Answer 22

Anabolism

Question 23

Breaking down process.

Answer 23

Catabolism

Question 24

The study of all the enzymatically controlled reactions in a living cell.

Answer 24

Metabolism

Question 25

Body temperature rises after death and peaks.

Answer 25

Postmortem Caloricity

Question 26

Body temperature drops and cools to 98.5 degrees

Answer 26

Algor Mortis

Question 27

What is the body's temperature at life?

Answer 27

98.6 degrees

Question 28

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals (Can be pre-injection and or co-injection).

Answer 28

Anticoagulant Fluid

Question 29

injected with the arterial fluid

Answer 29

Co-injections

Question 30

What is the difference between pre-injection and co-injection?

Answer 30

The difference is WHEN you use the chemical.

Question 31

The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.

Answer 31

ATOM

Question 32

The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.

Answer 32

MOLECULE

Question 33

The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties.

Answer 33

PERIODIC TABLE

Question 34

Is the number of protons and neutrons added together.

Answer 34

Atomic Mass

Question 35

The total positive charge on a nucleus is determined by the number of protons; gives the atom its identity.

Answer 35

Atomic Number

Question 36

A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Answer 36

BASE (ARRHENIUS)

Question 37

A substance that accepts a proton. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.

Answer 37

BASE (BRONSTED-LOWRY)

Question 38

A substance that donates a pair of electrons.

Answer 38

BASE (LEWIS)

Question 39

A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass.

Answer 39

COMPOUND

Question 40

A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass.

Answer 40

MIXTURE

Question 41

A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

Answer 41

SOLUTION

Question 42

Occurs when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink.

Answer 42

Crenation

Question 43

Occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which causes the cell to burst; Fluid goes from lesser to greater concentration.

Answer 43

Hemolysis

Question 44

1/100th

Answer 44

Centi

Question 45

1/100th of a Meter

Answer 45

Centimeter

Question 46

1/10th

Answer 46

Deci

Question 47

1/10th of a Meter

Answer 47

Decimeter

Question 48

1/1000th

Answer 48

Milli

Question 49

1/1000th of a meter

Answer 49

Millimeter

Question 50

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of Microbial and/or autolytic enzymes.

Answer 50

Decomposition

Question 51

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.

Answer 51

Decay

Question 52

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.

Answer 52

Putrefaction

Question 53

True or False: Rigor mortis is a physiochemical change.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed; ex- Decomposition.

Answer 54

CHEMICAL CHANGE

Question 55

A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.

Answer 55

PHYSICAL CHANGE

Question 56

A red dye derived from the action of bromine on fluorescein. It is very commonly used in arterial fluids; active dye

Answer 56

EOSIN

Question 57

A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation.

Answer 57

FLUORESCEIN

Question 58

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one.

Answer 58

Deodorants/Masking Agents/Perfuming Agents

Question 59

True/False: Deodorants were historically called Reodorants.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.

Answer 60

DIFFUSION

Question 61

Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extra vascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids.

Answer 61

Diffusion Arterial Solution

Question 62

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of Injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries.

Answer 62

Distribution (Fluid)

Question 63

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.

Answer 63

Disinfectant

Question 64

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body; The Process.

Answer 64

Disinfection

Question 65

The act of mixing two insoluble liquids.

Answer 65

EMULSIFICATION

Question 66

A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets.

Answer 66

EMULSION

Question 67

Commercial formalin is a mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water which consists of 37% by weight, 40% by volume and contains 7% methyl alcohol; Index= 40.

Answer 67

Formalin

Question 68

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state at the melting point.

Answer 68

Heat of Fusion

Question 69

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state at the boiling point.

Answer 69

Heat of Vaporization

Question 70

Means water loving.

Answer 70

Hydrophilic

Question 71

Means water fearing

Answer 71

Hydrophobic

Question 72

Absorbing moisture readily

Answer 72

Hygroscopic

Question 73

The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution; refers to a percentage. For example, an embalming fluid with an index of 25 usually contains 25% formaldehyde gas.

Answer 73

INDEX

Question 74

How many ounces of HCH are there in a 20 ounce bottle of Formalin? 16 ounces of 25 index

Answer 74

16 x 25 = 400 4.00 ounces of HCHO Gas (Multiply ounces and index and then move the decimal point 2 places to the left)

Question 75

All embalming fluids will contain some methanol since it is so closely associated with the manufacture of formalin. Some fluids contain extra methanol because it stabilizes formalin and because it is both a solvent and a germicide.

Answer 75

METHANOL/ Methyl Alcohol/Wood Alcohol

Question 76

A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid. It is noted for its ability to dehydrate tissue; ex- grain alcohol

Answer 76

Ethyl Alcohol/ETHANOL

Question 77

OL

Answer 77

When a word ends in "-ol" it means it is an alcohol for example methanol is an alcohol.

Question 78

A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. It is normally found in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 78

NEUTRON

Question 79

A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative mass number of 1 and an electrical charge of +1.

Answer 79

PROTON

Question 80

A subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton; found outside the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 80

ELECTRON

Question 81

A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution.

Answer 81

PRECIPITATE

Question 82

The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer; the process; breaks down and produces white crystals.

Answer 82

POLYMERIZATION

Question 83

Is a polymer of formaldehyde and exists as a solid. It is almost pure formaldehyde. It is insoluble, so it cannot be used in embalming fluids. It is most commonly used in the powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and embalming powder.

Answer 83

PARAFORMALDEHYDE

Question 84

True/False: Polymerization = Precipitation

Answer 84

True

Question 85

The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. 0 – 6.9 are acid, 7 is neutral and 7.1 – 14 are basic (base) or alkaline. The lower the number the more acidic and the higher the number the more base or alkaline.

Answer 85

pH

Question 86

A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs, where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid; pH of 7.4 to 7.0

Answer 86

Primary Stage of Flaccidity

Question 87

7.0 to 6.0 and 6.0 to 7.0

Answer 87

Stage of Rigor

Question 88

A condition, which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity; pH of 7.0 to 7.4

Answer 88

Secondary Stage of Flaccidity

Question 89

8.0

Answer 89

Bacteria thrive!

Question 90

Is an aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant. It penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration; is a derivative of coal tars.

Answer 90

PHENOL aka Carbolic Acid

Question 91

Phenol is the standard used to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides. A PC of 3 means that the germicide has 3 times the killing power of phenol.

Answer 91

Phenol Coefficient/PC

Question 92

A techniques invented by Dr. Günter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies. The embalmed body is placed into a solvent bath containing acetone and reactive polymers. A vacuum removes the water, fatty tissues and acetone.

Answer 92

Plastination

Question 93

A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount; ex- Arterial Fluid

Answer 93

SOLUTE

Question 94

A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

Answer 94

SOLUTION

Question 95

The process of dissolving.

Answer 95

Solvation

Question 96

A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount; ex- water.

Answer 96

SOLVENT

Question 97

Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius; ex- Gluteraldehyde

Answer 97

Sterilizers

Question 98

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.

Answer 98

Sterilization

Question 99

Are written below and to the right of the number and represent the definite proportion by mass.

Answer 99

Subscripts

Question 100

Are written above and to the right of the number and represent the oxidation number.

Answer 100

Superscripts

Question 101

Is the dissolving of a substance in alcohol.

Answer 101

Tincture

Question 102

-AL

Answer 102

Aldehyde (Methanal)

Question 103

-OL

Answer 103

Alcohol (Methanol)

Question 104

A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid.

Answer 104

VAPOR

Question 105

The physical change from a liquid into a gas.

Answer 105

VAPORIZATION