Chemo Drugs Bacterial Metabolism, Antimycobacterial, and Antifungal(M3) Flashcards
What are the functions of folic acid?
- cofactor in synthesis of thymidine
- cofactor in synthesis of purines of RNA and DNA
- cofactor in synthesis of methionine, glycine and proteins
What are the important proteins in the formation of folic acid?
- dihydropteroate synthetase
2. dihydrofolate reductase
What are examples of Mycobacteria? 1. How do they grow? 2
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprae
2. mold-like fashion like fungi
What are the characteristics of mycobacteria that make them resistant to antibiotics?
- grow more slowly than other bacterias
- can be dormant
- lipid-risk mycobacterial cell wall
- intracellular pathogens
- reside within macrophages
What is the resistance of mycobacteria to isoniazid and rifampin?
3%
What is the initial regimen of drugs taken for mycobacteria?
isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
What drugs are used in a case of atypical mycobacteria along with the typical mycobacterial drugs?
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
- sulfonamides
What are the second-line drugs of tuberculosis?
- Ethionamine
- Capareomycin
- Cycloserine
- Aminosalicyclic acid
- Kanamycin and Amikacin
- Fluoroquinolones
- Linezolid
- Rifabutin and Rifapentine
- Bedaquline
What are the drugs used in leprosy?
- dapsone and other sulfones
- rifampin
- clofazimine
What are the reasons for the increase in mycotic (fungal) infections?
- use of corticosteroids
- increase in recognition and interest
- disturbance of normal microflora by antibiotics
- advances in surgery, cancer Tx, organ and bone marrow transplantation
- HIV epidemic
What are the limitations of antifungal treatments?
- side effects
- narrow antifungal spectrum
- poor tissue penetration
- fungal ressitance
What are the topical antifungal preparations that can be used for athletes foot?
- Ciclopirox olamine
- butenafine
- tolnaftate
