ChemPath - Nutrition Flashcards
Which are the fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
Retinol
Cholecalciferol
Tocopherol
Phytomenadione
What does vitamin A deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → colour blindness
Excess → exfoliation, hepatitis
Ix: serum vit A
What does vitamin D deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → osteomalacia or Rickets
Excess → Hypercalcaemia
Ix: serum vit D
What does vitamin E deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → anaemia, neuropathy, IHD
Ix: serum vit E
What does vitamin K deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → defective clotting
Ix: Prothrombin time (PT)
What are the water-soluble elements
B1: thiamine
B2: riboflavin
B3: niacin
B6: pyridoxine
B12: cobalamin
C: ascorbate
Folate
What does vitamin B1 deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Beri-Beri
Neuropathy
Wernicke’s syndrome
Ix: RBC transketolase
What does vitamin B2 deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Glossitis
Ix: RBC glutathione reductase
What does vitamin B3 deficiency cause
Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhoea)
What does vitamin B6 deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → dermatitis/anaemia
Excess → neuropathy
Ix: RBC AST activation
What does vitamin B12 deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Pernicious anaemia
Subacute degeneration of the cord
Ix: serum B12
What does vitamin C deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → scurvy
Excess → renal stones
Ix: plasma
What does folate deficiency cause and how is it tested for
Megaloblastic anaemia
Neural tube defects
Ix: RBC folate
What does Iron deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → hypochromic anaemia
Excess → haemochromatosis
Ix: FBC, Fe and binding studies, ferritin
What does iodine deficiency and excess cause and how is it tested for
Deficiency → goitre, hypothyroidism
Excess → hypo/hyperthyroidism (Wolf-Chaikoff)
Ix: TFTs
