childhood and neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in childhood and neurodevelopmental disorders Deck (24)
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1
Q

characteristics of the resilient child

A
  • adaptive temperament
  • ability to form nurturing relationships with surrogate parental figures
  • ability to distance self from emotional chaos in parents, family
  • good social intelligence, problem-solving skills

resiliency tells us why two different children in the same circumstance have different outcomes

2
Q

pervasive developmental disorders

A

< old category >

pervasive severe impairment in communication skills and reciprocal relationships

subtypes: autistic disorder (standard), aspberger’s (high functioning), rett’s (mid-childhood severeI, disintegrative disorder (delayed onset severe)

3
Q

autism spectrum disorder: severity level 3 requires

A

very substantial support

4
Q

autism spectrum disorder: severity level 2 requires

A

substantial support

5
Q

autism spectrum disorder: severity level 1 requires

A

support in general

6
Q

autism spectrum disorder: deficits

A

persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts:

  • social-emotional reciprocity
  • nonverbal communication behaviors used for social interaction
  • developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
7
Q

formerly pervasive developmental disorders

A

now called autism spectrum disorder

8
Q

autism spectrum disorder: manifested as

A

restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities manifested by AT LEAST TWO of the following:

  • stereotyped OR repetitive motor movements, use of objects, speech
  • insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of verbal/non-verbal behavior
  • highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity/focus
  • hyper OR hyporeactivity to sensory input OR unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
9
Q

autism spectrum disorder: symptom criteria

A
  • must be present in the early developmental period (though may not manifest until social demands exceed capacities)
  • cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning
10
Q

formerly classified as disruptive behavior disorders

A

ADHD and impulse control disorders

- are heterogeneous behavioral disorders with multiple possible etiologies

11
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

developmentally inappropriate POOR ATTENTION SPAN or age-inappropriate features of HYPERACTIVITY and IMPULSIVITY (or both)

  • more frequent in males, firstborn boys most common; high first degree relative risk (fathers)
12
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnostic criteria

A
  • 6 or more inattentive symptoms

- 6 or more hyperactivity/impulsivity

13
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: other associated features

A
  • decreased self-esteem, depression
  • developmental delay, learning disabilities
  • conduct disorders, substance abuse
14
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: symptom course

A
  • may be observed in infants
  • usually diagnosed in elementary, stable through early adolescence
  • sx often dissipate in late adolescence/early adulthood
  • MINORITY continue with full sx into mid-adulthood
  • some partial remission (may retain some sx)
15
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, OR vindictiveness lasting AT LEAST 6 MONTHS

at least 4 SYMPTOMS from 3 categories above (see clinical feature); sx exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling

if left unaddressed, worsens over time and spreads to other parts of life. can precede conduct disorder, which is much harder to intervene with - INTERVENE NOW

16
Q

oppositional defiant disorder: mild

A

one setting

17
Q

oppositional defiant disorder: moderate

A

at least 2 settings

18
Q

oppositional defiant disorder: severe

A

more than 2 settings

19
Q

oppositional defiant disorder: clinical feature categories

A

angry/irritable mood
- irritable, easily annoyed, angry, resentful, often loses temper

argumentative/defiant behavior
- often argues, actively defies, refuses to comply with authority, blames others, deliberately annoys others

vindictiveness
- spiteful, enjoys/seeks revenge

20
Q

conduct disorder

A

repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which
- the basic rights of others are violated
OR
- major age-appropriate societal norms/rules are violated

childhood-onset type often proceeded by oppositional defiant disorder (cd much harder to intervene)

21
Q

conduct disorder: prognosis

A

depends on age of onset, number and frequency of symptoms, intellectual ability, co-morbid conditions

22
Q

conduct disorder: diagnostic criteria

A

3 or more criteria in past 12 mo, at least one present in past 6

categories:

  • aggression towards people, animals
  • destruction of property
  • deceitfulness, theft
  • serious violation of rules
23
Q

conduct disorder: clinical features

A

LACK OF GUILT, EMPATHY, REMORSE

  • bullies, threatens, initiates fights, uses weapons, physical cruelty to animals, people
  • lying, cheating, stealing
  • deliberate destruction of property
  • truancy, runaway behaviors prior to age 13
24
Q

neurotransmitters that are dysfunctional in a majority of childhood/neurodevelopmental disorders

A

dopamine and norepinephrine

+ wherever NE is involved, a smaller amount of 5HT, too

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