Chordates And Fish

Question 1

List 7 classes of phylum Chordata and give an example of each

Answer 1

Agnatha- hagfish, Chondrichthyes- shark, Osteichthyes- trout, Amphibia- frog, Reptilia- lizard, Aves- bird, Mammalia- whale

Question 2

Describe the evolution of vertebrates

Answer 2

Oldest known fossils are jawless fish, cartilage skeletons, no paired find, and bony scales

Question 3

Describe how jaws were thought to have evolved

Answer 3

Jaws formed from gill arches

Question 4

List 8 adaptations that jawless fish, Sharks, and rays have made for life in water

Answer 4

Stream lined shape, muscular tail, paired fins, unpaired fins, regulate buoyancy, gills, homeostasis, sensory functions

Question 5

List 8 characteristics of hagfish

Answer 5

Bottom, marine, feed on small invertebrates, plates in mouth pinch chunks of meat, cartilaginous skeleton, burrow into dead fish, slime, burrows in mud

Question 6

List 8 characteristics of lampreys

Answer 6

Free living, parasitic, disc shaped mouth, rough tongue, anticoagulant, adult life in ocean or river, breed in fresh water, external fertilization

Question 7

List 6 characteristics of sharks

Answer 7

Cartilage skeletons, mobile jaws, carnivores, placoid scales, paired pectoral fins, up to 59ft long

Question 8

Name 4 characteristics of fish

Answer 8

Notochord, bone or cartilage surrounding nerve cord, spine, skull

Question 9

List 6 characteristics of rays and skates

Answer 9

Flat bodies, whip like tales, triangular bodies, bottom dwellers, protective coloration, eat mollusks and crustaceans

Question 10

Explain how respiration works in cartilaginous fishes

Answer 10

Water pushed through mouth over gills while animal swims, water is taken in through spiracles and driven over gills

Question 11

Explain how cartilaginous fish maintain position in the water

Answer 11

Buoyancy or lipids in water

Question 12

What gland removes excess salt ions?

Answer 12

Rectal gland

Question 13

What structure is used to sense vibrations in the water?

Answer 13

Lateral line

Question 14

What covers the body of sharks?

Answer 14

Placoid scales

Question 15

List two ways that sharks obtain food?

Answer 15

Filter feeder, carnivorous

Question 16

List and describe 4 senses found in the shark

Answer 16

Smell, lateral line, sight, electric fields

Question 17

List 4 characteristics of the class Osteichthyes

Answer 17

Skeleton of bone, swim blade scales, lobe finned

Question 18

Draw and list the two different orientations of fins in a fish

Answer 18

Lobe finned fish, Ray finned fish

Question 19

List all the parts of the fish digestive system

Answer 19

Jaw, tongue, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestine, anus

Question 20

What is the significance of lobe fun fishes in the context of evolution?

Answer 20

Maybe ancestors to amphibians

Question 21

What are rays in the cont ft or Ray finned fish?

Answer 21

Fins supported by long bones

Question 22

What is a hard plate that protects the gills from damage?

Answer 22

Operculum

Question 23

List two functions of scales

Answer 23

Protection and reduce friction

Question 24

Describe how water flows through the gills

Answer 24

Counter-current flow: blood flows in opposite direction as water

Question 25

List the parts of the urinary system

Answer 25

Gills, kidneys, urine, bladder

Question 26

Define spawning

Answer 26

Act of reproducing

Question 27

What is the function of claspers in the male shark?

Answer 27

Grip the female during reproduction

Question 28

How is buoyancy handled in fish?

Answer 28

Air bladder used to regulate density inside fish

Question 29

What is maintaining metabolic balance within the fish called?

Answer 29

Homeostasis

Question 30

What is a gas filled sac that is used to control buoyancy called?

Answer 30

Swim bladder

Question 31

What creates colors to help hide fish called?

Answer 31

Chromatophores

Question 32

What is the communication between senses and the rest of the brain called?

Answer 32

Cerebrum