Chp 16 Future of Proactive Police Management Flashcards
START
The _________ is a series of strategies that includes cost-effective concentration of administration, human resources, laboratory services, corruption and police brutality intervention, and training services for police departments.
proactive community police response
The proactive community police response is a series of strategies…It includes the following:
• Deployment of _________, including giving more authority to remote unit supervisors; human service/ communication training for officers, supervisors, and police managers
• Proactive ______ and _______ to anticipate planned and unplanned events, including critical incidents and intelligence and hot spot management; centralized rapid- response teams with maximum equipment and human relations experts organized for instant deployment
• Greater interactions with p______, a_______, and c______.
• Major ________ who are highly educated and professionally trained and move from one major police department to another— whether public or private— throughout the country.
community policing
planning and intelligence
private police, auxiliary police, and community volunteers
police executives
The Proactive Community Police Response:
________ and ________will dominate future policing trends.
Cyber activity and technology
The global world is here to stay with instant communication and affordable transportation. The pace of change for the postindustrial generation is staggering. This is a scenario for America and other industrial and postindustrial countries. The overwhelming majority of the world’s population lives in _______ conditions, with access to modern communications. Thus they have jumped into the twenty- first century with cell phones, Wi- Fi, satellite communication services, and flat screens.
preindustrial
Thus, we must never forget that policing is _____ and both _____ and ______. That globe is shrinking every day.
global and both private and public
What does the future hold for law enforcement managers? Given current trends, it is expected that police departments may be changed or organized along the lines presented in this chapter in the not- so- distant future. We believe that this will result in effective community policing, given the socioeconomic, political, and technological trends. However, the major thrust for change will be the demands made by __________ to continue to provide the police services demanded by citizens.
cost- conscious municipal governments
POLICE DEPARTMENT CONSIDERATIONS: This abundance of forces is the historical result of our federal system of government and the wish of local communities to have control over their police. These realities of a democratic republic produce common problems of ______ and _________.
concurrent jurisdiction and duplication of effort
…citizens of the many townships across the country have two or more options when they need the police. …As a result, there exist these organizational realities in American policing today:
- _______ exists between police organizations for calls, resources, and, at times, personnel.
- _______ are arranged by formal and informal agreements between agencies. For example, while the state police have statewide jurisdiction, many will normally not answer calls in a village that has a police department; the village police, in the same light, will not go outside municipal limits except in pursuit of an offender.
- _______, usually based on how well certain officers or agency heads get along, determine the distribution of intelligence information, assistance to other departments during emergencies, and the success or failure of interagency projects.
Active competition
De facto spheres of influence
Informal relationships
This financial crisis of 2008 has reached new proportions created in part by _______ which reduced aid to state and local municipalities.
a number of policies on the federal level— such as housing—
All in all, proactive police managers of the future will have to offer police services in an _____ and _______ way; that is, they will be required by their citizenry and elected officials to do more with less.
effective and economical way
The Jurisdictional Dilemma: The existence of too many police departments results in ________ for many areas in the United States. Many argue for this, especially small- town politicians and police chiefs, who use the ______ argument to keep this jumbled, inefficient system intact.We predicted in the first edition of our book that many municipalities would merge their police department with other governmental units or abolish the department outright. This has not occurred, mainly because of ______.
duplication of services
home rule
home rule
In some situations, municipal entities have debated on merging or simply going out of business but there is not much activity across the country. Police departments are now subject to similar action, but there are some alternatives available for communities that wish to retain their local police. One common way is to share ______; for example, computerized record keeping, communications, vehicle acquisition and repair, supplies, equipment, and even laboratory and training facilities.
centralized services
A trend that is always discussed is ________, as when two or more departments are disbanded and merged into an area or county metropolitan police department. Departments that have undergone this process include those in Nassau and Suffolk Counties in New York; Riley County, Kentucky; Jacksonville, Florida; Charlotte- Mecklenburg, North Carolina; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Toronto, Ontario. While this may sound easy, consolidation can be a very arduous process and is always based on the ________.
police consolidation
political will to meet an objective
Although there is potential for increasing police efficiency by reducing duplication of effort, consolidation does not always result in _______. From the outset, it can be expensive…..Interestingly enough, _______ is revised with the creation of a consolidated police force, which results in new patrol zones, shifts, duty assignments, and attitudes in dealing with situations.
economy
departmental subculture
What this all means is that the concept of consolidation can be feasible where there are high concentrations of people or businesses that create a _________.
single socioeconomic municipality
Many communities in the United States contract for police services from another municipality. The basic considerations in determining contractual services are the following:
- _______ related to contract agreements
- _______ to be used in charging for such services as patrol, traffic, criminal investigations, and so on
- _____ and ______ various issues that come with normal policing ( e. g., interruption of services, liability, physical plant needs, personnel requirements)
- Determining ________ for continuance of the contract ( e. g., lower crime rate, citizen satisfaction with services)
Statutory provisions
Formulas
Planning and resolving
performance criteria
Since the 1970s, a number of feasibility studies were undertaken over the issue of contractual services. According to the National Sheriff ’ s Association, there are the following types of contractual arrangements:
• ________.
- ______ or ________. Perhaps the most common contractual arrangement in the United States occurs when a county sheriff or police department provides police services to municipalities in the county on a shared- expense or contributory- expense arrangement.
- _________ program. Small towns that do not have a police department may contract for one or more full- time police officers from the state police or county sheriff ’s department. Expenses paid for these officers by the township are usually one- half the total cost of each person. In some cases, the officers receive a bonus if they reside in the contractual area.
City to city
County to city or county to region
Resident officer
In 2003, the International Association of Chiefs of Police ( IACP) undertook a review of consolidation case studies and focused on consolidation efforts….From this review, the following consolidation models were presented: F______ — functional units such as dispatching or crime scene analysis being combined for two or more agencies.
C_______/ M_______ Zone/ O__________— sworn officers are pooled so that personnel from one department can make arrests and provide backup in another adjacent jurisdiction. This often occurs with campus police departments that have a large student population living off- campus.
P______— fire, police, and emergency medical services are combined under one agency. This public safety model was a rage in the early 1970s when some newly created jurisdictions were set up in the west and southwest of the United States.
L_______— two or more agencies combine their police operations.
R_______— a number of agencies are combined into a new police regional entity based on geography.
M______— two or more agencies combine into one large agency for a major metropolitan area. This is what occurred in Toronto, Ontario, and Las Vegas, Nevada. G_______— the entire governments of two or more municipalities are combined into one new political unit.
Functional— functional units such as dispatching or crime scene analysis being combined for two or more agencies.
Cross Deputization/ Mutual Enforcement Zone/ Overlapping Jurisdictions— sworn officers are pooled so that personnel from one department can make arrests and provide backup in another adjacent jurisdiction. This often occurs with campus police departments that have a large student population living off- campus.
Public Safety— fire, police, and emergency medical services are combined under one agency. This public safety model was a rage in the early 1970s when some newly created jurisdictions were set up in the west and southwest of the United States.
Local Merger— two or more agencies combine their police operations.
Regional— a number of agencies are combined into a new police regional entity based on geography.
Metropolitan— two or more agencies combine into one large agency for a major metropolitan area. This is what occurred in Toronto, Ontario, and Las Vegas, Nevada. Government— the entire governments of two or more municipalities are combined into one new political unit.
One of the main findings of the IACP study is the need to gauge community opinion and to air the strengths and weaknesses of consolidation. A “______ approach” was created whereby community members can meet and address the following questions:
- Who will _____ the new department?
- How will the chief and other command personnel be _______?
- What will be the initial and long- term _______?
- How will officers from the “ old” departments be _____ and _______ in the new agency configurations? Will there be new or continued special units?
- How will ______and review be achieved?
- How will the new department be _______ in terms of providing services and reducing crime?
focus group
- Who will oversee the new department?
- How will the chief and other command personnel be chosen?
- What will be the initial and long- term operating costs? 4. How will officers from the “ old” departments be merged and deployed in the new agency configurations? Will there be new or continued special units?
- How will citizen involvement and review be achieved? 6. How will the new department be evaluated in terms of providing services and reducing crime?
A major issue that also needs to be addressed is the many state and local laws and regulations that relate to the _______of a police department. This also includes addressing collective bargaining or personnel work agreements related to wages, benefits, and conditions of employment that were explored in Chapter 15 .
creation
What may drive the move for consolidation or shared services in many communities are the costs for _______ and ________. At this time, these costs account for about ____ percent or more in addition to the regular salary.
pensions and medical care
30
The technological revolution continues to revise police practices. Even the smallest of departments have embraced microcomputing systems and workstations. We see no end in sight to the various adaptations that can be accomplished. Nevertheless, police managers have to be _______ of this new technology .
informed consumers
Although managers are not expected to know how to tear apart a computer terminal system, they should know the strengths and weaknesses of implementing a ________ for a department or division. They need to know about _________ to experiment with new methodologies that deal with budgets, crime trends, personnel records, and so on.
computerized records system
basic programming
As we talk about technology and policing, we must not lose sight of the need for greater interaction between ______ and their ________. One program that has assisted in this endeavor is ________ ( some might say a rather low- tech program), which on college campuses and in densely populated areas has received high marks for increasing visibility and officer– citizen interaction.
citizens and their police officers
bicycle patrol
It is now possible for every patrol vehicle to be equipped with a miniature computer- augmented mobile radio that relays an automatic signal back to the communications center giving the location of the vehicle on an electronic map of the metropolitan area. Computerized crime analysis also permits this map to be keyed to show a great variety of characteristics to facilitate planning. Some of these are the following:
- Street and map response time ____.
- _______ grid related to demographic characteristics and time of crime commitment
- Time, place, and nature of crimes shown by _____ and _______ for easy identification, with listings of burglaries, robberies, traffic deaths, juvenile crimes, and other grids available at the punch of a button
- _______ vehicles: density, distribution, and vital statistics of population
- _______ grids for traffic control, civilian disasters, and energy blackouts available for planners if a disaster or traffic stoppage occurred
- All this available on encrypted, ________ computers.
grid
Modus operandi
number and color
Demographic
Trend- analysis
handheld palm
Reflecting the state of the art for ________, all homes and businesses can be linked to a central dispatch system in a police- approved, computer- based remote linkage system.
cable television
Personnel Standards
Given the current trends in positive personnel selection, it is possible that we may see the following personnel standards in the future:
1. ______or _____degree being demanded of all recruits.
2. Men and women being assigned to all facets of the p______and promoted to specialty units and c____and s____positions all on an equal basis.
3. The police recruit selection process placing less emphasis on pencil- and- paper tests and more emphasis on testing by r___, i____, a_____, and other a_______methods.
- Associate’s or bachelor’s
2.police mission
command and supervisory
3.role- play, interview, aptitude, and other assessment- center
Personnel Standards
More l_____between police departments on a state and national level would increase the pool of available candidates for line, staff, and managerial positions.
lateral entry
