Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Chpt. 11 - Nervous System II > Flashcards

Chpt. 11 - Nervous System II Flashcards

(61 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Meninges

A
  • Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

- protect brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dura mater

A
  • outermost layer
  • composed of tough, white, dense connective tissue and contains many blood vessels and nerves
  • epidural space underneath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

-between dura and pia
-thin, weblike membrane w/o blood vessels
(!) -subarachnoid space underneath that contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pia mater

A
  • innermost layer

- thin and contains many nerves and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventricles

A
  • four interconnected cavities that lie in the cerebral hemisphere and brainstem
  • filled with CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CSF

A
  • cerebral spinal fluid
  • nutritive and protective
  • secreted by choroid plexuses lined in ventricles
  • contains greater concentration of sodium and lesser concentrations of glucose and potassium than other extracellular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Forebrain, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Hindbrain

A

Forebrain: cerebrum and basal nuclei

Diencephalon: Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus

Brainstem: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

Hindbrain: Cerebellum, pons, Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • 2 cerebral hemispheres connected via corpus callosum
  • Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebral cortex

A
  • provides higher brain functions: interpreting impulses from sense organs, initiating voluntary muscular movements, storing information as memory, and retrieving this information in reasoning
  • responsible for intelligence and personality
  • thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of the cerebrum
  • contains about 75% of all neurons in nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Association areas

A
  • analyze and interpret sensory experiences
  • occupy anterior portions of frontal lobe, lateral portions of parietal, temporal, occipital
  • provide memory, reasoning, verbalizing, judgement, and emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • motor speech area
  • allows for physical speech
  • frontal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wernicke’s area

A
  • sensory speech area
  • understanding and formulating written and spoken language
  • parietal lobe and temporal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frontal Lobe Function

A
  • Association: higher intellectual process (problem solving, judgement, concentration)
  • Motor: control voluntary skeleton muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parietal Lobe Function

A
  • Sensory: provide sensations (temperature, touch, pressure, pain)
  • Association: understanding speech and using words to express thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Temporal Lobe Function

A
  • Sensory: hearing

- Association: interpret sensory experiences, remember visual scenes, music, sensory patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Occipital Lobe Function

A
  • Sensory: vision

- Assocation: combine visual images with other sensory experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basal nuclei/ganglia

A
  • gray matter masses deep within cerebral hemispheres

- produce dopamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diencephalon

A

-includes: Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thalamus

A

-relay station for sensory impulses ascending from spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • regulates visceral activities (heart rate, body temp, water, hunger, body weight)
  • links nervous and endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • produces melatonin and makes you go sleepy sleep

- CONTAINS DMT U GONNA GET SO HIGHHHHH when u smoke this gland homie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brainstem

A
  • connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord

- includes: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Midbrain

A

-reflex centers that move the head, maintains posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pons

A
  • helps regulate rate and depth of breathing

- relays impulses between medulla oblongata and cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Medulla oblongata
- cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory control centers | - conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain and spinal cord
26
Reticular formation
- scattered throughout brainstem in small gray matter isles | - mediates the levels of consciousness/sleep/alertness
27
Limbic system
-controls emotional experience and expression and modifies the way a person acts ~~FEEEEEELING AND EMOTIIIIONS~~ o-o
28
Cerebellum
- coordinates muscle activities and maintains posture | - integrates sensory information concerning position of body parts
29
Spinal cord
- originates: nervous tissues leaving cranial cavity - ends: intervertebral disc that separates L1 and L2 - consists of 31 segments with spinal pairs
30
Functions of spinal cord
- Center for spinal reflexes | - conduit for impulses to and from the brain
31
Reflex
- automatic responses to stimuli inside or outside body - maintain homeostasis by controlling involuntary processes - nerve pathway that begins with a sensory receptor and ends with an effector - includes as few as two neurons
32
Reflex arc
-includes: (1) sensory neuron (2) integration with CNS (3) motor neuron (4) effector
33
Patellar reflex
- simple monosynaptic reflex that only involves two neurons: sensory neuron and motor neurons - when patella is struck, nuscle contracts
34
Withdrawal reflex
- involes sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron | - pulls foot away from painful stimuli
35
crossed extensor reflex
- muscles on one side contract, while muscles on other side are inhibited - due to interneuron pathways in spinal cord that pass sensory signals to other side
36
Ascending tracts
- spinal cord parts that conduct sensory information to the brain - involve 3 neurons between a sensory receptor and the brain (peripheral sensory neurons and two interneurons) - fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus - spinothalamic tracts - spinocerebellar tracts
37
Fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus tract
- Ascending tract - posterior portion of spinal cord - conduct sensory impulses from skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to brain - impulses originating from sensory receptors of left side will be read reach right side of brain, vice versa
38
Spinothalamic tracts
- Ascending tracts - sensations of pain and temperature - cross over in the spinal cord
39
Spinocerebellar tracts
-coordinate muscular movements
40
Descending tracts
- conduct impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands - corticospinal - reticulospinal - rubrospinal
41
Corticospinal tracts
- descending tracts | - conduct motor impulses associated with voluntary movement from brain to skeletal muscles
42
Reticulospinal tracts
- descending tracts | - conducts motor impulses maintance with muscle tone and activity of sweatglands from brain to effectors
43
Rubrospinal tracts
- descending tracts | - conduct motor impulses associated with muscular coordination from the brain
44
Cranial nerves
``` I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal ```
45
Olfactory
- I, 1st | - Sensory: sense of smell
46
Optic
- II, 2nd | - Sensory: sense of vision
47
Oculomotor
- III, 3rd - sensory: proprioceptors - motor: move eye stuff
48
Trochlear
- IV, 4th - sensory: proprioceptors - motor: move eye
49
Trigeminal
- V, 5th - Opthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular divisions - motor: mastication - sensory: face stuff
50
Abducens
- VI, 6th - motor: move the eyes - sensory: some proprioceptors
51
Facial
- VII, 7th - sensory: tongue - motor: facial expressions, tear glands, salivary glands
52
Vestibulochochlear
- VIII, 8th | - sensory: equilibrium, hearing
53
Glossopharyngeal
- IX, 9th - sensory: bitter taste (posterior tongue), pharynx, tonsils - motor: swallowing
54
Vagus
- X, 10th - sensory: abdomen, esophagus, larynx - motor: speech and swallowing
55
Accessory
- XI, 11th | - motor: neck and back, some proprioceptor input
56
Hypoglossal
- XII, 12th | - motor: move tongue
57
Autonomic Nervous System
- part of the PNS that functions independently and continuously, w/o conscious effort - controls visceral activities that aid in maintaining homeostasis - includes Sympathetic and parasympathetic system
58
Sympathetic Nervous System
- fight or flight response - pupil dilation, increased sweating, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure - noradrenaline and adrenaline bind adrenergic receptors
59
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- rest and digest system | - conserves energy by slowing heart rate, increasing intestinal and gland activity
60
Preganglionic fiber
- axon of autonomic neuron - leaves the CNS and synapses with one or more neurons that are associated with autonomic ganglion - originate from lateral horn of the spinal cord
61
Postganglionic fiber
- axon of second neuron | - extends to a visceral effector (like heart, or lungs, or booobies huehuehue)
Anatomy And Physiology 1
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions