Flashcards in Chronic Inflammation 2 Deck (26):
1
What causes granulomata Inflammation
indigestible antigens causing a granulomas build up in tissue and organs
Also can be due to type IV hypersensitivity
2
What is granulomas
epithelioid macrophages in tissue
3
What is a giant cells and what is its structure
Macrophages fused together
Large cytoplasm and multiple nuclei
4
What are four examples of different types of giant cells
Langhans - tuberculosis
In the presence of a Foreign body
Leaked silicon implants
Warthin–Finkeldey cell - early case measles
5
What is idiopathic disease
Diseases that we don't know how they happened
6
What may granulomas contain
Giant cells
7
What may surround granulomas
Lymphocytes and Dead tissue
8
Name some Infectious Granulomas diseases
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Syphilis
9
What is caseous necrosis and what surrounds it
Dead tissue
macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes
10
Name some noninfectious Granulomas diseases
Rheumatoid disease - autoimmune pain at joints
Sarcoidosis - small patches of red and swollen tissue usually present lungs or skin
Chrons disease - inflammation of the intestine
11
What conditions favour wound healing
cleanliness
apposition of edges (no haematoma)
sound nutrition
metabolic stability and normality
normal inflammatory and coagulation mechanisms
note local mediators
12
Define an ulcer and ulceration
an open sore on the skin surface
eroding on the skin by an ulcer
13
What are the stages of wound healing
phase of acute inflammation
local angiogenesis – new vessels grow
granulation tissue formation
fibrosis and scar formation
14
How else can wounds heal
Surgically
15
How are small defects surgically healed
by primary intention
16
What is the outcome of primary intention
Minimal gap
Small amount of granulation tissue
Small (near invisible) linear scar
17
How are large defects surgically healed
by secondary intention
18
What are the outcomes of secondary intention
Greater granulation tissue growth
Contraction of skin to bring together
Forming greater and more visible scar
19
What are the sequence of events in scaring
Injury,
Blood clot formed by platelets
Acute inflammation
Granulation tissue growth
Phagocytosis of fibrin
Fibroblasts lay down collagen
Contraction of scar as skin pulled together
re-epithelialisation
20
What is angiogenesis
New vessel formation
enabling blood supply to enter damaged tissue
21
What impairs wound healing
dirty, gaping wound, large haematoma
poorly nourished, lack of vitamins C, A
abnormal CHO metabolism, diabetes, corticosteroid therapy
inhibition of angiogenesis
22
What is the difference between fracture healing and normal healing
Granulation tissue contains OSTEOBLASTS as well as fibroblasts
23
What is formed formed originally in bone healing in a fracture
Fibrous tissue called Callus
24
What happens in callus formation
Osteoblasts randomly throw down fibrous tissue called callus, then angiogenesis occurs allowing reformation and trabecular and cortical bone replace callus
25
What stimulated proliferation of vessels
Vascular endothelial growth factor released by hypoxic cells
26