Chronic Renal Failure Flashcards
Why is anemia seen with renal disease?
The kidneys produce EPO- due to the loss of function, there is a decreased production which in turn decreases the amount of blood being created
What causes uremic gastritis?
Gastrin is produced by G cells in the stomach. The kidneys are the main method of gastrin excretion, so with the damaged kidney- you will see increased gastrin –> acidic pH –> uremic gastritis
Why are UTI’s common in CKD patients?
Urine becomes dilute allowing bacteria to easily live in the bladder
What two drugs are used to decrease the proteinuria?
Benazepril or telmisartan
What is the effect of ACEi on the kidneys?
Efferent arteriole dilates decreasing pressure in the glomerulus in turn decreasing protein
What are the three most important diagnostic indicators of CKD?
Creatinine levels
Proteinuria
Hypertension
What are the three antiemetics used in CKD?
Maropitant- NK1 antag
Metocopramide- dopamine antag
Ondansetron- serotonin antag
What are two proton pump inhibitors?
Omeprazole and pantoprazole
What are three H2 blockers?
Famotidine, ranitidine and cimetidine
What are the appetite stimulants used in cats vs. dogs?
Cats- cyprohepatadine
Dogs/Cats- mirtazapine
When should renal diets be started?
IRIS stage II CKD
What drugs can be used in patients with non-regenerative anemia?
rHuEPO or darbopoietin-alpha
What drugs are used for hypertension in cats vs. dogs?
Cats: amlodipine (Ca channel blocker)
Dogs: ACEi (benazepril and enalapril)
What is the difference of excretion in Benazepril vs. Enalapril?
Benazepril: excreted through the liver
Enalapril: 50/50 kidney/liver
What are the hallmarks of CKD?
azotemia and inappropriately concentrated urine
