Circulatory System Flashcards Preview

Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Circulatory System Deck (81)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

All animals must keep their cells supplied with ________ and _________

A

Nutrients and oxygen

2
Q

It is an organ system that speeds up the distribution of materials within an animal body.

A

Circulatory system

3
Q

It has an open circulatory system

A

Arthropods and mollusks

4
Q

It has a closed circulatory system

A

Annelids, cephalopod mollusks, and all vertebrates.

5
Q

A fluid pumped through such system

A

Blood

6
Q

Most exchanges between blood and the cells of other tissues take place across the walls of the smallest diameter blood vessels.

A

Capilliaries

7
Q

Has a closed circulatory system with a single heart.

A

Vertebrates

8
Q

One chamber that receives blood

A

Atrium

9
Q

A chamber that pumps out blood out of the heart

A

Ventricle

10
Q

Has a 3 chambered heart with 2 atria emptying into 1 ventricle

A

Amphibians and reptiles

11
Q

A contraction to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

12
Q

A second contraction that sends oxygenated blood

A

Systemic circuit

13
Q

Has a 4-chambered heart, 2-atria and 2-ventricles.

A

Birds and mammals

14
Q

Muscular organ that pumps fluid through a circulatory system

A

Heart

15
Q

Fluid pumped through an open circulatory system

A

Hemolymph

16
Q

The main vessels of the pulmonary circuit.

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

17
Q

The body’s largest artery; it carries away oxygenated blood away from the heart.

A

Aorta

18
Q

Vein that returns blood from the head, neck, upper trunk and arms.

A

Superior vena cava

19
Q

Vein that returns blood from the lower trunk and legs.

A

Inferior vena cava.

20
Q

Vessel that carries blood from the heart to a lung

A

Pulmonary artery

21
Q

Vessel that carries blood from lung to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

22
Q

A large diameter vessel that returns blood to the heart

A

Vein

23
Q

It is a sac in the heart

A

Pericardium

24
Q

It divides the heart into right and left sides.

A

Septum

25
Q

It means relaxation

A

Diastole

26
Q

It means contraction

A

Systole

27
Q

Walls that are thickly muscled in the heart

A

Ventricle walls

28
Q

It pumps blood throughout the long systemic circuit, has thicker walls than the other ventricle and pumps blood only to the lungs and back.

A

Left ventricle

29
Q

A clump of specialized cells in the wall of the right atrium, serves as the pacemaker.

A

Sinoatrial node

30
Q

It is a connective tissue with multiple functions. It delivers essential oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries cells’ metabolic wastes to various organs for disposal.

A

Vertebrate blood.

31
Q

The fluid portion of the blood and is mostly water.

A

Plasma

32
Q

These proteins are in the plasma which are water soluble proteins made by the liver.

A

Albumins

33
Q

Plasma proteins made by the liver are essential to blood clotting

A

Clotting factors.

34
Q

These are produced by white blood cells and function in immunity

A

Immunoglobulins

35
Q

These transport oxygen from lungs to aerobically respiring cells and help move waste carbon dioxide away from them. The most abundant cells in blood.

A

Red blood cells or erythrocytes.

36
Q

It is a flexible disk with a depression at the center

A

Human Red blood cell.

37
Q

It is a hormone made by the kidney and it is necessary for red blood cell production by bone marrow.

A

Erythroprotein.

38
Q

It carries out ongoing housekeeping tasks and function in defense.

A

White blood cells or leukocytes

39
Q

Kinds of leukocytes

A

Neutrophil, Eosinophils, Basophils and mast cells, Monocytes and macrophages.

40
Q

the most abundant white cells and are phagocytes that engulf bacteria and cellular debris.

A

Neutrophils

41
Q

are specialized in attacking larger parasites (e.g worms)

A

Eosinophils

42
Q

these secrete chemicals that have a role in inflammation.

A

Basophils and mast cells.

43
Q

_____, circulates blood flow that develops into phagocytic cells known as ______.

A

Monocytes and macrophages.

44
Q

It interacts with lymphocytes to bring about immune responses.

A

Macrophages

45
Q

Two types of lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

46
Q

what type of lymphocyte that protects the body against specific pathogens?

A

T lymphocytes

47
Q

what type of lymphocyte secretes the immunoglobulins that are a component of plasma?

A

B lymphocytes

48
Q

It is a membrane-wrapped fragment of cytoplasm that arises when a large cell breaks up.

A

Platelet

49
Q

This process stops blood loss from an injured vessel and provides a framework for repairs.

A

Hemostasis.

50
Q

It is clotting factor that is converted to fibrin by the enzyme thrombin, which circulates in blood as the inactive precursor prothrombin.

A

Fibrinogen

51
Q

It is also a clotting factor that is activated by an enzyme that is activated by another enzyme.

A

Prothrombin

52
Q

It is a genetic disorder that is having a vitamin K deficiency.

A

Hemophilia

53
Q

Blood vessel that conveys blood from an artery to capillaries

A

arteriole

54
Q

Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract.

A

pulse

55
Q

Narrowing of a blood vessel when smooth muscle that rings it contracts.

A

vasoconstriction

56
Q

Widening of a blood vessel when smooth muscle that rings it relaxes.

A

Vasodilation

57
Q

It is pressure excerted by blood against the wall of the vessel that encloses it.

A

Blood Pressure.

58
Q

The highest pressure of a cardiac cycle or blood pressure when ventricles are contracting.

A

Systolic pressure.

59
Q

The lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle or blood pressure when ventricles are relaxed.

A

Diastolic pressure

60
Q

Blood from multiple capillaries flows into a thin-walled vessel called _____.

A

venule.

61
Q

It holds the greatest volume of blood

A

veins

62
Q

Damaged valves can cause ____.

A

Varicose Veins

63
Q

A clot that forms in a vessel and remains in place.

A

Thrombus

64
Q

A clot or part of a clot that breaks loose and travels through blood vessels to new location.

A

Embolus

65
Q

It arises from a mutation that causes hemoglobin to change shape at a low oxygen concentration.

A

Sickle-cell anemia

66
Q

This occur when mutations disrupt or halt synthesis of a globin chain of hemoglobin.

A

Thalassenmias

67
Q

Overproduction of red blood cells

A

Polycythemia

68
Q

Overproduction of white blood cells

A

Leukemia

69
Q

These are cancers that originate in Bor T lymphocytes.

A

Lymphomas

70
Q

This is a buildup of lipids in the arterial wall narrows the lumen or space inside the vessel.

A

Atheroclerosis

71
Q

Clogged coronary arteries can be treated with ___.

A

Bypass or angioplasty.

72
Q

It is used to open partially blocked carotid arteries.

A

angioplasty

73
Q

Refers to chronically high blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

74
Q

It is a below average resting cardiac rate.

A

Bradycardia

75
Q

It is faster than normal heart rate.

A

Tachycardia

76
Q

It is an arrhythmia in which the atria do not contract normally, but instead quiver.

A

atrial fibrillation

77
Q

It is where ventricles quiver and pumping falters or stops.

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

78
Q

Fluid in the lymph vascular system

A

Lymph

79
Q

Small mass of lymphatic tissue through which lymph filters; contains many lymphocytes (B and T cells).

A

lymph node

80
Q

System of vessels that takes up interstitial fluid and carries it (as lymph) to the blood.

A

Lymph vascular system

81
Q

Fist-sized lymphoid organ located in the upper abdomen; filters blood and enhances immune function.

A

spleen