CLA - lexical and semantic development

Question 1

what does Bee (1997) suggest about children’s words

Answer 1

the first word that a child utters doesn’t have to be recognisable as an adult word, it’s more important that it functions as a word

Question 1

what is a word according to Bee (1997)

Answer 1

‘any sound or set of sounds that is used consistently to refer to some thing, action or quality’

Question 2

what is overextension

Answer 2

children overextending the meanings

Question 3

what are the two theories linked to overextension

Answer 3

• semantic features hypothesis
• functional similarities hypothesis

Question 4

what is the semantic features hypothesis

Answer 4

the baby overextends on the basis of the features that combine to give the object meaning

Question 5

what is the functional similarities hypothesis

Answer 5

similarities in the uses to which objects are put

Question 6

what is under-extension

Answer 6

baby restricts the number of referents of a word, usually to the original context in which the word was learned
or the meaning of word can be narrower than usual

Question 7

what are the three stages that occur during a Childs acquisition to words according to Aitchison (1987)

Answer 7

• labelling
• packaging
• network building

Question 8

what is labelling

Answer 8

linking words to the objects to which they refer and understanding that objects can be labelled

Question 9

what is packaging

Answer 9

exploring what labels can do

Question 10

what is network building

Answer 10

grasping connections between words

Question 11

approximately, when do children start asking questions

Answer 11

in a Childs second year

Question 12

what are the four ways a child of two may ask a question

Answer 12

• rising intonation
• wh- questions
• inversion of auxiliary and subject
• inversion of main verb and subject

Question 13

what is a negative

Answer 13

a word, or part of a word, such as no, not, n’t, nor that indicates negation (refusing or denying the affirmative)

Question 14

what is an affirmative

Answer 14

a word used in making assertions or to express consent

Question 15

who identified the three stages of learning negation

Answer 15

Ursula Bellugi

Question 16

when does stage 1 of saying no occur

Answer 16

at 2 years

Question 17

what occurs in stage 1 of saying no

Answer 17

child produces affirmative sentences with no added to the beginning or end

Question 18

when does stage 2 of saying no occur

Answer 18

2years and 3months

Question 19

what occurs in stage 2 of saying no

Answer 19

more variety in method with can’t and don’t being used, but without variation of verb tense and no appears in mid-utterances

Question 20

when does stage 3 of saying no occur

Answer 20

2years and 9months

Question 21

what occurs in stage 3 of saying no

Answer 21

more variety in the tense of the auxiliary verb which now seems to be used appropriately

Question 22

which researcher noted three forms of overextension

Answer 22

Rescorla

Question 23

what is mismatch or predicate statements and for how much of overextensions did it account for in Rescorla’s study

Answer 23

• accounted for 25% of overextensions
• these are statements that convey some form of abstract information