class #2- metabolism Flashcards
what do cells need to grow?
macronutrients and micronutrients
what are some macronutrients?
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur
what are some micronutrients?
trace elements - metals
growth factors - vitamins
what is culture medium/media
a solution that supports the growth of microorganisms
what is defined media
you know the…… carbon, nitrogem, phosphorus, sulfur source
and all of the micronutrients
what is complex media
digests of animal, plant yeast material
composition is unknown
what is selective media
only some can grow, contains compounds that inhibit the growth of organisms that you are not interested in (antibiotics, bile salts, lack of a nutruient)
what is differential media
they look different when they grow. contains an indicator that shows a colour change when a specific metabolic reaction has occurred
what is coliform bacteria?
an indicator bacteria that indicates that somebody pooped in your water
what are some characteristics of a coliform
-rod-shaped
-non-spore former
-ferment lactose
grows at 37C
what is MaConkey agar
Bile salts to inihibit the growth of gram positives
what are traits of MaConkey agar
lactose, has pH indicator that turns red when pH goes down
what is cyanobacteria
photosynthetic, makes oxygen & makes oxygen available on earth
what is an aerobe
a microorganism that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen for growth.
what is an anaerobe
any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth.
what is glycolysis
a metabolic pathway and an anaerobic energy source that has evolved in nearly all types of organisms.
what are the products and reactants of glycolysis (start vs end)
6-carbon glucose becomes 2,3 carbon pyruvate molecules
what does glycolysis result in
results in NADH production, which it now needs to replenish NAD
what is fermentation
the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving the giving off of heat
what does fermentation result in
NAD (most times)
what does fermentation generate
ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
what is respiration
protons are pushed outside of cell to generate a gradient, it is the chemical process by which organic compounds release energy
what does respiration result in
NAD
what is PMF
protein motive force
