Class and Educational Achievement

Question 1

Smith and Nobel

Answer 1

Ways in which material deprivation can have a negative impact
‘Barriers to Learning’ which can result in a low income

Examples:
- Unable to afford uniform, trips etc: leads to child feeling isolated
Reduced likelihood for access to laptop

Question 2

Sugarman

Answer 2

Cultural deprivation
According to Sugarman people in WC are time orientated towards the present time
Fatalism of WC means that they do not believe that they can improve their prospects through their own hard work.

Question 3

Bernstein

Answer 3

Speech codes: Elaborated and Restricted

Question 4

Bourdieu

Answer 4

Lack of possession of different types of capital shapes opportunity in society
4 types of capital 
- Economic
- Cultural
-Social 
-Symbolic

Question 5

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Answer 5

Teacher Expectations
US primary school teachers given false information of the IQ of pupils.
Found that those believed to have a high IQ made greater progress than those believed to have a low IQ.

Question 6

Hargreaves

Answer 6

Streams in secondary school found that those in lower streams more likely to be labelled as troublemakers and rebelled against the values of the school.
Developed into non - conformist delinquent subculture which was focused on value from peers.

Question 7

Willis

Answer 7

Found pronounced class divisions in the school
'Lads' largely from unskilled backgrounds showing hostility to those who listened to school work.

Question 8

Fuller

Answer 8

Found that a group of black WC girls who were labelled a likely failures responded by wanting to worker harder to achieve success.

Question 9

Bartlett

Answer 9

Cream Skimming
Social policies attempting to tackle the social class divide leads to schools attracting the most able students