Class Cestoda

Question 1

Skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems are usually _____

Answer 1

absent

Question 2

Important differences between cestodes and trematodes

Answer 2

(1) Cestodes have a flat tape-like or ribbon-like body
(2) Cestode’s body is made up of hermaphroditic segments
(3) They lack mouth and digestive tract
(4) They are exclusively endoparasitic in vertebrate’s gut
(5) Their larvae infect both vertebrates and invertebrates

Question 3

proglottids

Answer 3

hermaphroditic segments

Question 4

the whole chain of proglottids

Answer 4

strobila

Question 5

With direct access to food and having _______ gut was lost (evolutionary history)

Answer 5

saprozoic nutrition

Question 6

saprozoic nutrition

Answer 6

feeding on liquid organic material

Question 7

_____ and _____ are continuous between _____ in cestodes

Answer 7

tegument
muscles
proglottids

Question 8

polyzoic

Answer 8

Cestodes with many proglottids

Question 9

monozoic

Answer 9

1 set of reproductive organs

Question 10

Apolysis

Answer 10

release of gravid proglottids from the host

Question 11

Adult body consists of 3 distinct regions:

Answer 11

scolex, neck, and strobila

Question 12

acetabulate scolex

Answer 12

it’s cup shaped, circular in outline and with a heavy muscular wall with 4 muscular suction cups

Hooks and rostellum are present

Question 13

Armed scolex

Answer 13

with hooks

Question 14

bothraite scolex

Answer 14

presence of 2, (rarely 4 or 6) longitudinally arranged, shallow grooves, with weak suction powers

Glands are present

Question 15

Rostellum

Answer 15

small rounded projection bearing hooks on the apex of the scolex of some tapeworms

Question 16

Neck

Answer 16

Below the scolex

zone of proliferation, containing stem cells

From this zone, new segments or proglottids differentiate

Question 17

Drug of choice

Answer 17

Praziquantel destroys integument

Question 18

the _____ proglottids have the least developed reproductive systems, while the _______ ones are more reproductively developed

Answer 18

anterior-most

more posterior

Question 19

Strobila is grouped into 3 regions

Answer 19

immature, mature and gravid proglottids

Question 20

Immature proglottids

Answer 20

reproductive organs are visible but are nonfunctional

Question 21

Mature proglottids

Answer 21

reproductive organs are fully functional

Question 22

Gravid proglottids

Answer 22

filled with eggs or shelled embryos

Question 23

A proglottid can _______ with itself

Answer 23

copulate

Question 24

When proglottid reaches the end of strobila:

Answer 24

it detaches and passes out of the host intact with feces

Question 25

Anapolysis

Answer 25

proglottids disintegrate in route, releasing the eggs

Question 26

Site of nutrient absorption

Answer 26

Tegument (no gut is present)

Question 27

Differences in tegument of cestodes vs trematodes

Answer 27

Tegument is covered by minute projections called microtriches as well as a glycocalyx

Question 28

Microthrix

Answer 28

has an apical tip that is anchored to host’s intestinal epithelium and provide resistance to the movement of the intestine Agitate walls increasing accessibility to nutrients

Question 29

Glycocalyx

Answer 29

a layer of carbohydrate containing macromolecules, covers the entire tegument surface Protects worm form digestive enzymes

Question 30

tegumental musculature

Answer 30

located between two cytoplasmic regions consists of outer circular muscles and the inner longitudinal muscles

Question 31

Cytom

Answer 31

Sote for protein synthesis

Question 32

Their reproductive systems differ from trematodes in that:

Answer 32

(1) the uterus meets with a dead-end (2) separate vaginal canal is present (3) self fertilization may occur

Question 33

Male sperms pathway

Answer 33

Testis --> single Vas efferens --> Vas deferens --> Cirrus

Question 34

females reproductive system

Answer 34

ovary (produces ova) --> oviduct (site of fertilization) --> ootype (oviduct region)

Question 35

Ootype has structures that are involved in

Answer 35

eggshell formation

Question 36

Sperm is deposited in

Answer 36

the seminal vesicle and stored until there are eggs to be fertilized

Question 37

During copulation, ____ of one proglottid is inserted into the ____ of another proglottid, either ___________ and sperms are ejaculated

Answer 37

cirrus vagina the same or different worm

Question 38

hypodermic impregnation

Answer 38

cirrus is forced through the body wall

Question 39

________ is desired to insure vitality and prevent too much inbreeding

Answer 39

Cross fertilization

Question 40

The eggs unlike trematoda lack

Answer 40

an operculum

Question 41

oncosphere 

Answer 41

embryonic membranes that serve as protective coverings of the embryo

Question 42

Oncosphere contains

Answer 42

6 elongated hooks

Question 43

Oncosphere enclosed by

Answer 43

inner envelope and then an embryophore

Question 44

3 egg types

Answer 44

pseudophyllidean, Dipylidium, and taenioid

Question 45

Example of pseudophyllidean

Answer 45

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 46

Example of Dipylidium

Answer 46

Dipylidium and Hymenolepis

Question 47

Example of Taeniidae

Answer 47

Echinococcus and Taenia

Question 48

Pseudophyllidean Pattern:

Answer 48

Once the eggs containing coracidia leaves the host feces and meet water, the larvae escapes from the shell through the operculum swims using its ciliated embryophore

Question 49

1st intermediate host

Answer 49

Aquatic arthropods

Question 50

Once embryophore reaches 1st host:

Answer 50

it trasnforms into a procercoid

Question 51

2nd intermediate host

Answer 51

Fish

Question 52

When the 2nd intermediate host, a fish, ingests the infected arthropod:

Answer 52

It migrates to muscle and other tissues and transforms into a plerocercoid

Question 53

Infective stage:

Answer 53

Plerocercoid

Question 54

When the infected fish is eaten by a human:

Answer 54

it attaches to the wall of the small intestine, and strobilization begins

Question 55

2 patterns for life cycle

Answer 55

Cyclophyllidean Pattern | Pseudophyllidean Pattern

Question 56

embryo=

Answer 56

oncosphere

Question 57

Cyclophyllidean Pattern:

Answer 57

Eggs are inactive until eaten by an intermediate host

Question 58

Intermediate host

Answer 58

Crustaceans

Question 59

In crustaceans

Answer 59

eggs hatch in the gut and oncosphere employs its 6 hooks to enter hemocoel transforming into cysticercoid

Question 60

In a vertebrate intermediate host

Answer 60

after ingestion, The systemic circulation carries it to several areas of the body, where it develops into a cysticercus

Question 61

coenurus cyst

Answer 61

bladder wall develops several invaginated scolices

Question 62

hydatid cyst

Answer 62

formed as invaginations on the walls forming brood capsules