Classic Lab Findings Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Lab findings
- Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Lab findings
- Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
3
Q
Lab findings
- Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis)
4
Q
Lab findings
- Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Phenytoin
Procainamide
5
Q
Lab findings
- Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic inflammation; joint pannus; boutonniere deformity
6
Q
Lab findings
- Antimitochondrial antibodies
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Female, cholestasis, portal hypertension
7
Q
Lab findings
- Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Vasculitis
c-ANCA: Wegener’s granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
p-ANCA: Churg-Strauss microscopid polyangiitis
8
Q
Lab findings
- Antinuclear antibodies
ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA
A
SLE (Type 3 hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Lab findings
- Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Lab findings
- Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Lab findings
- Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease
diarrhea, distension, weight loss
12
Q
Lab findings
- “Apple core” lesion on abdominal xray
A
Colorectal cancer (L-sided)
13
Q
Lab findings
- Azurophilic peroxidase-postiive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)
14
Q
Lab findings
- Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Group A strep (strep pyogenes)
Resistant: Group B strep (strep agalactiae)
15
Q
Lab findings
- “Bamboo spine” on xray
A
Anklylosing spondylitis
Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27
16
Q
Lab findings
- Basophilic nuclear remnants on RBC’s
A
Howell-Jolly bodies
due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
17
Q
Lab findings
- Basophilic stippling of RBC’s
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Lab findings
- Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
Lab findings
- “Boot shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
RV Hypertrophy
20
Q
Lab findings
- Branching gram-positive rods w/ sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Lab findings
- Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor
can supress sympathetic ganglion–>Horner’s
22
Q
Lab findings
- “Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism, or
Osteitis Fibrosis Cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage)
23
Q
Lab findings
- Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
A
Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
24
Q
Lab findings
- Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
A
Rapidly progressing crescentic glomerulonephrItis
25
# Lab findings
25. "Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis
| Frequently involves both ovaries
26
# Lab findings
26. Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes
Neuroblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Retinoblastoma
27
# Lab findings
27. Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis
(Autosomal RECESSIVE mutation: CTFR
- ->Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency
- ->Mucous plugs)
28
# Lab findings
28. Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome
| or other chromosomal abnormality
29
# Lab findings
29. Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphillis)
| -->Subacute combined degeneration
dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tract affected
30
# Lab findings
30. Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
| Basal ganglia disorder: Rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
31
# Lab findings
31. Desquamanated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals
| Bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs
32
# Lab findings
32. Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
# Lab findings
33. Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: Predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
# Lab findings
34. Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
35
# Lab findings
35. Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
# Lab findings
36. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the LIVER cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
# Lab findings
37. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in NERVE cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
38
# Lab findings
38. Eosinophilic globule in LIVER
Councilman body
| Toxic or viral hepatitis; often yellow fever
39
# Lab findings
39. Eosinophiic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
| Lyssavirus
40
# Lab findings
40. Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter in brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's)
41
# Lab findings
41. Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
42
# Lab findings
42. Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies
| Yolk sac tumor
43
# Lab findings
43. "Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
Marrow expansion:
B-thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
44
# Lab findings
44. hCG elevated
```
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole (w/ and w/out embryo)
```
45
# Lab findings
45. Heart modules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
# Lab findings
46. Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
# Lab findings
47. Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma
| Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
48
# Lab findings
48. High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
49
# Lab findings
49. Hilar lymphadenopathy; peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex
| primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli
50
# Lab findings
50. "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
# Lab findings
51. Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT's and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome
| Pancreas or Lung adenocarcinoma
52
# Lab findings
52. Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
If B12 deficiency: Neuro sx
If Folate deficiency: No neuro sx
53
# Lab findings
53. Hypertension, hyPOkalemia metabolic ALKAlosis
Conn's syndrome
| Aldosterone-producing adenoma
54
# Lab findings
54. Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
55
# Lab findings
55. Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina bifida (neural tube defects)
56
# Lab findings
56. Increased uric acid levels
Gout
Lesch Nyhan
Tumor lysis syndrome
Diuretics: Loop & Thiazide
57
# Lab findings
57. Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies
HSV or CMV
58
# Lab findings
58. Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies
| Asbestos--> Mesothelioma risk
59
# Lab findings
59. Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
60
# Lab findings
60. Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi disease
| congenital failure of phagolysosome formation
61
# Lab findings
61. "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema xray
UC (loss of haustra)
62
# Lab findings
62. Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's Syndrome
63
# Lab findings
63. Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease
| Hepatolenticular degeneration
64
# Lab findings
64. "Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
| IgG and C3b immune complex deposition
65
# Lab findings
65. Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on xray
Multiple myeloma
66
# Lab findings
66. Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
FibroCystic change of the breast
67
# Lab findings
67. Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (normal consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom's (M Protein = IgM) macroglobinemia
Primary amyloidosis
68
# Lab findings
68. Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
Signet ring = Gastric carcinoma
69
# Lab findings
69. Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
"String sign" (Chrohn's disease)
70
# Lab findings
70. Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) AND
| Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Wegener's granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (+ c-ANCA)
or
Goodpasture's (anti-basement membrane Ab's)
71
# Lab findings
71. Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
72
# Lab findings
72. Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
| diabetic nephropathy
73
# Lab findings
73. Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph EPIdermis
Resistant: Staph SAPROphyticus
74
# Lab findings
74. "Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver
| from RIGHT heart failure
75
# Lab findings
75. "Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma
| malignant round-cell tumor
76
# Lab findings
76. Optochin response
Sensitive: Strep Pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans Strep
77
# Lab findings
77. Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray
| Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
78
# Lab findings
78. Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease
| Child w/ nephrOtic syndrome
79
# Lab findings
79. Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation
| Osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis
80
# Lab findings
80. Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's)
&
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
81
# Lab findings
81. Psammoma bodies
Papillary Thyroid carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of endometrium & ovary
Meningiomas
Mesotheliomas
82
# Lab findings
82. Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
83
# Lab findings
83. RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
84
# Lab findings
84. Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
85
# Lab findings
85. Renal epithelial cell casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
86
# Lab findings
86. Rhomboid crystals, POSitively birefringent
Pseudogout
| Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
87
# Lab findings
87. Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
88
# Lab findings
88. Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
CNS lymphoma
89
# Lab findings
89. Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
("Starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma:
8;14
c-myc
EBV
90
# Lab findings
90. Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies
| Pick's disease: Progressive dementia w/ changes in personality
91
# Lab findings
91. "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
92
# Lab findings
92. "Spikes" on basement membrane
| "Dome-like" SUBEPIthelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
| May progress to nephrOtic syndrome
93
# Lab findings
93. Stacks of RBC's
Rouleaux formation:
High ESR
Multiple Myeloma
94
# Lab findings
94. Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells"
| Gardenella vaginalis
95
# Lab findings
95. "Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhhans cells
Birbeck granules:
Langherhans cell histiocytosis
or
Histiocytosis X: Eosinophilic granuloma
96
# Lab findings
96. Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn
(Arterial thrombosus
layers of platelets/RBC's)
97
# Lab findings
97. "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis
| Haemophilus influenzae
98
# Lab findings
98. Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
99
# Lab findings
99. Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM's on LM
MembranoProliferative glomerulonephritis
100
# Lab findings
100. Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
| Alcoholic or Metabolic
101
# Lab findings
101. "Waxy" casts w/ very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
102
# Lab findings
102. WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
103
# Lab findings
103. WBC's that look "smudged"
CLL (Almost always B cell)
104
# Lab findings
104. "Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
105
# Lab findings
105. Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
