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Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Anticentromere Antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Antibodies

A

Drug-Induced SLE (Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Antibodies

A

RA (Systemic Infllamation, Joint Pannus, Boutonniere Deformity)

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6
Q

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic Polyangitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegner; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs; anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss)

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left side)

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13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granula inclusion in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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14
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: streptococcus pyogenes (group a); resistant: streptococcus aglactiae (group b)

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15
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

basophilic nuclear remant in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophillic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

boot shaped heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of fallot, RVH

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20
Q

branching gram positive rods withsulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

HPT or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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23
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atropy

A

chagas diseas (trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

cellular crescents in bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
homer-wright rosettes (neuroblasoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrois (AR mutation in CFTR gene -> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia Nigra
Parkinson dieseas (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, restin tremor, brady kinesia)
31
Desquamated epithelium cast in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasisa
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)}
33
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eyes apperance of CMV
34
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
Orpahn ANNie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver diesease)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
37
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
38
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
39
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray mater of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
40
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions owel eyes
REed sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
41
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor
42
Hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
43
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
44
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
45
Heterophile antibodies
Infection mononucleosis (EBV)
46
hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystal in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals:eosinophilic granules)
47
High level of D-dimers
DVT; PE, DIC
48
HIlar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (1 TB)
49
Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
Interstial pulmonary fibrosis
50
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms
52
HTN, hypkalemia, metabolick alkalosis
Conn syndrome
53
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hg sometimes present)
54
Increase AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (Neural tube defect)
55
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, leschh-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
56
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
57
iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
58
keratin pears on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
59
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
chediak-higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
60
lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
61
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
62
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
63
lumpy bumpy apperanace of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b
64
lytic hole punched bone lesions on x-rays
multiple myeloma
65
mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
66
monoclonal anrtibody spike
-multiple myeloma (usually IgG and IgA) -Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) -Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia Primary amyloidosis
67
mucin filed cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
68
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-rau
string sgn (crohn diease)
69
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing
granulomatosis with poly angiitis (wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrain antibodies)
70
Needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
71
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
72
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph. Epidermidis; resistant: staph. saprophyticus
73
Nutmeg appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
74
onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
75
Optochin Response
sensitive: strept. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans strept
76
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangles on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
77
Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome
78
Protein aggreatates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and pick bodies (Pick Disease)
79
psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
80
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
81
RBC cast in uring
Acute glomerulonephritis
82
rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
83
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
84
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma Gondii, CNS lymphoma
85
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14, c-myc activation, associated with EBV; Black sky made up of malignant cells)
86
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
87
Soap bubble in femur of tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
88
Spikes on basement membrane "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
89
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
90
Stipple vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
91
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Line of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
93
Thumb sign on lateral x ray
Epiglottis (H. influenzae)
94
thryoid like apperance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
95
tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
96
triglyceride accumultion in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
97
waxy casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end stage renal disease
98
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
99
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cells)
100
Wire loop glomerular capillry appearnce on light microscopy
lupus nephropathy
101
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
102
rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta

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