Classics Chapter 20.5: Trojan War

Question 1

revisit slide 1 -3, 5

Answer 1

awww

Question 2

Who is the Iliad’s central hero?

Answer 2

Achilles

Question 3

Greatest piece of Gk lit (according to Gk)

Answer 3

Illiad

Question 4

What is the Illiad NOT about (focus)?

Answer 4

The trojan war - about characters and uan choices

Question 5

How much of the Trojan war does the Iliad cover?

Answer 5

1 month of 10 years

Question 6

Chryses

What does he do?

Answer 6

priest of Apollo
father of Chryseis
Causes Agamemnon’s camp to be plagued (by asking Apollo) for revenge

Question 7

What does Agamemnon do to Chryses?

Answer 7

He rudely refuses to give back his prize (from Troy village raid), Chryses’ daughter

Question 8

How does the plague on the Greek soldiers go away?

Answer 8

Calchas seer reveals that Chryseis must be returned

Achilles challenges Agamem publicly to give her back so he does

Question 9

hera jealous thetis hephaestus

Answer 9

slide8

Question 10

Briseis

Answer 10

Achilles’ war prize

Agamemnon takes her (and this dishonors him) bc achilles made him give up his war prise

Question 11

Why does Thetis go to Zeus?

Answer 11

to ask him to let the Trojans win for awhile

bc her son Achillles stopped fighting for Agamem bc Agamem shamed him

Question 12

Iliad take home message: What does it mean to be mortal?

Answer 12

accept mortality and responsibility for others’ lives

most make choices, and life/die as result - which are worth death?

Question 13

Agamemnon’s and Achilles’ feeling towards war prize quarrels; symbolism

Answer 13

traditional authority vs. individual brilliance

who deserves best prize?
leader of expedition vs. best fighter/hardest worker
how can 1 amazing individ change estab. cult system?

Question 14

When does homer include background to war?

Answer 14

while greeks start loosing

Question 15

Diomedes

Answer 15

esp. strong Greek hero in Troj war

Question 16

How does Agamemnon try to get Achilles back?

Answer 16

sends negotiators with offer =huge list of gifts + Briseis

Question 17

Who does Agamem send to negotiate with Achilles?

Answer 17

Odysseus, Phoinix, and Aias (Ajax)

Question 18

What is Achilles’ reaction Agamemnon’s offer? What does this show?

Answer 18

refuses- disgusted with values of culture
questions if risking life for glory is worth it (vs. others’ heroic code)

Theme: what is worth dying for?

Question 19

2 Fates of Achilles

What does he think?

Answer 19

mom told him

1) glory at Troy + early death
2) go home, long life, unknown

Question 20

Pactroclus

Answer 20

best friend of Achilles

Question 21

deal between Achilles and Pactroclus

Answer 21

asks Achilles to borrow armor to pretend he’s A - want Trojans will retreat

doesn’t come back as soon as retreat like promised
-> killed by hector (greatest Trojan)

Question 22

What does Achilles htink about his 2 fates? How does he choose btwn 2 fates?

Answer 22

not worth it for agamemnon, but for friends

Indecision causes P death - choose to avenge Patroclus

Question 23

What does Achilles do after Patroclus dies?

Answer 23

he kills so many Trojans that he pisses off the river by clogging it with dead bodies

it attacks him; Trojans retreat

Question 24

How is Achilles saved from the river?

Answer 24

Hephaestus throws fire at it

Question 25

Lykaon

Answer 25

son of Priam | ransomed earlier when caught by Achilles, but killed 2nd time when caught bc Achilles is vengeful

Question 26

Climax of Iliad

Answer 26

Achilles and Hector Combat

Question 27

What does hector do when returns home for a break?

Answer 27

- doesn't rest despite mom's / helen's pleas | - doesnt gve in to Andromache's alternative to fight inside walls (save self for son)

Question 28

Why does Hector fight?

Answer 28

doesn't want to hear Andromache be captured | NOT glory - can't hear if dead

Question 29

Most tender moment in Iliad

Answer 29

Hector removes helmet (bc his son is scared of him with it) and laughts with baby and wife

Question 30

Astyanax =

Answer 30

Hector + Andromache

Question 31

Hector + Achilles battle - what happens?

Answer 31

Hector runs around then stays Achilles stabs with spear Achilles refuses when Hector asks for burial Hectors vows that Achilles will die soon - he knows Achilles ties hector's body to chariot and drags him around mult times

Question 32

How does Achilles offend the gods? What do the gods do?

Answer 32

He refuses to bury Hector - they stop his body from decay | Hermes leads Priam to Achilles to ask for return of body

Question 33

How does Priam persuade Achlles to give back Hector's body?

Answer 33

made him think about what Achilles' father will feel like when he does kissed hands of man who killed his children

Question 34

When does Achilles begin to forgive himself for letting Patroclus die?

Answer 34

when he is sitting with Priam

Question 35

Achilles and urns what does he say? What does he realize?

Answer 35

Zeus has 2 urns - 1 of blessing and 1 of evil sometimes he gives both, sometimes the latter only (death) man must live despite suffering war brings compassion for suffering of death (even of enemies)

Question 36

What does Achilles give Priam

Answer 36

Hector's body | P says it takes12 days to bury hector, so he gives 12 days of truce

Question 37

true hero of Iliad | why him?

Answer 37

Hector - not achilles bc// dangerous in his excess emotion

Question 38

Poems about fall of troy

Answer 38

NOT BY HOMER Epic/Homeric Cycle Virgil's Aeneid- but with Romans as audience

Question 39

Aeneas

Answer 39

only Trojan prince ot survive | founds the roman race

Question 40

Penthesilea

Answer 40

queen of Amazons help Trojans side love at first sight with Achilles - he kills her

Question 41

How does Achilles die? According to who?

Answer 41

NOT according to homer Paris wussily shoots him in heel with arrow

Question 42

Who does Achilles' armor go to? Why?

Answer 42

Odysseus - he gives a better speech than Ajax (best warrior)

Question 43

How does Ajax go crazy?

Answer 43

he doesn't get Achilles armor even if he's the 2nd greatest warrior

Question 44

Where is Achilles' ashes placed? Why?

Answer 44

with Patroclus' bc Patroclus wanted it that way

Question 45

Who writes Ajax?

Answer 45

Sophocles

Question 46

Who does Ajax intend to kill instead of sheep?

Answer 46

Agamemnon, Menelaus, Odysseus

Question 47

Why does Ajax kill himself? How does he do so?

Answer 47

feels humiliated; ashamed for wanting to kill the men falls on his sword

Question 48

Why does Odysseus disguised as a beggar?

Answer 48

to sneak int o Troy to steal Athena statue to get Athena's support to defeat Trojans

Question 49

Neoptolemus

Answer 49

Achille's son that rights in his place

Question 50

Who kills Paris? With what?

Answer 50

Philoctetes with Herc's bow

Question 51

Where is Philoctetes before at Troy?

Answer 51

Lemnos with odd disease - cured from it

Question 52

How many men can the Trojan horse hold?

Answer 52

50

Question 53

Sinon

Answer 53

man left behind with trojan horse -

Question 54

Who thinks of Trojan horse idea?

Answer 54

Odysseus

Question 55

How does Trojan horse come in?

Answer 55

he escaped from Odysseus, who tried to kill him | tells "secret" - sacred offering to Athena - will secure her protection if taken in city

Question 56

Laocoon

Answer 56

priest of Apollo doesn't believe Sinon, so shoots arrow in horse -> 2 sea snakes eat Laocoon and his 2 sons

Question 57

Who murders Priam?

Answer 57

Neoptolemus at altar of zeus in P's palace vs. Achilles' compassion - written by Romans

Question 58

Who does Neoptolemus kill?

Answer 58

Priam - on altar | Polyxena (youngest daughter) offered on tomb of achilles

Question 59

What happens to Astyanax at fall of troy?

Answer 59

thrown from walls

Question 60

Why is the homecoming of greek heroes ruined?

Answer 60

Ajax the Lesser rapes Cassandra while she clings to Athena's image she ruins it

Question 61

What happens to Andromache at fall of troy?

Answer 61

taken as slave

Question 62

What happens to Helen at fall of troy?

Answer 62

almost killed by Menelaus in anger taken back to Sparta what is this all for?

Question 63

How does Aeneas escape? What is he carrying?

Answer 63

his mom Aphrodite helps him holts sons' hand, carries father Anchises, who holds gods