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From Flashcardlet > Clin Med HEENT drugs > Flashcards

Clin Med HEENT drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

Biguanides

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1
Q

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide

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2
Q

Corneal ulcer, bacterial keratitis

A

Fluoroquinolones

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3
Q

Allergic eye disease

A

Histamine receptor blockers
Mast cell stabilizers
Oral anti-histamines

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4
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

IM antibiotics

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5
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

A

Cold compress

Topical sulfonamides

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6
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

Artificial tears

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7
Q

Trachoma

A

Antibiotics

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8
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical sulfonamides

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9
Q

Dacrocystitis

A

Oral antibiotics
Warm compress
Lacrimal sac massage
If surgery indicated, dacrocystorhinostomy

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10
Q

Anterior blepharitis

A

Cleanse with warm water and baby shampoo

Anti-staph antibiotic ointment

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11
Q

Posterior blepharitis

A

Long term low dose oral antibiotic

Sort term topical corticosteroids

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Incision and curettage

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13
Q

Hordeolum

A

Warm compress
Incision if indicated
Antibiotic in acute stage

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14
Q

Traumatic auricular hematoma

A

Drain hematoma

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15
Q

Cellulitis of the auricle

A

Abx to prevent perichondritis

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16
Q

Otitis externa

A

Aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone drops (neomycin sulfate or polymyxin B sulfate)
Ear wick prn
Keep ear canal dry

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17
Q

Malignant otitis externa

A

Daily debridement of EAC
Glucose control
Fluoroquinolones (or other anti-pseudomonal drugs)

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18
Q

Neoplasia of ear canal

A

Wide surgical resection

Radiation therapy

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19
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction

A

Decongestants
(Pseudoephedrine)
(Oxymetazoline)

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20
Q

Serous otitis media

A

Amoxicillin 500 mg BID

Possibly short course of prednisone

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21
Q

Barotrauma to the ear

A

Chew gum, yawn

Treat congestion with antihistamines or decongestants

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22
Q

Acute otitis media

A

Kids >2: amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day x5-7 days

Auralgan drops

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23
Q

Chronic otitis media

A

Abx prophylaxis

Tubes

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24
Q

Perforated TM

A

Abx drops and oral Abx

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25
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Surgery

2nd reconstructive surgery if ossicles have been eroded

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26
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Cefazolin
Myringotomy
Mastoidectomy

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27
Q

Quick! What is Gradenigo syndrome and what does it indicate?

A

CN VI palsy “lateral gaze palsy”

Indicates petrous apicitis

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28
Q

What is the prognosis for someone with facial paralysis and AOM?

A

Excellent

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29
Q

What is the prognosis for someone with facial paralysis and chronic OM?

A

Less favorable

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30
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Stapedectomy
Hearing aid
Oral sodium fluoride

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31
Q

Name some irreversibly ototoxic drugs please :)

A 
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Erythromycin
Loop diuretics
Antineoplastic agents
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32
Q

Name a reversibly ototoxic drug.

A

Salicylates (ASA)

33
Q

Sudden hearing loss due to occlusion of internal auditory artery

A

Corticosteroids

34
Q

Autoimmune hearing loss

A

ANA
RF
ESR (Westergren)

35
Q

Tinnitus

A

Avoid loud noise and ototoxic drugs
Mask with music
Oral antidepressants at night

36
Q

Does peripheral or central vertigo have sudden onset with horizontal nystagmus?

A

Peripheral vertigo

37
Q

What is the classic triad of Meniere’s Syndrome?

A

Tinnitus
Transient hearing loss
Vertigo

38
Q

Endolymphatic hydrops (Meniere’s)

A 
Low salt diet
Oral diuretic
Steroids
T-tube
... Labyrinthectomy
39
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Abx if febrile
Bed rest
Vestibular sedatives (Zofran)

40
Q

Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo

A

Hallpike-Epley maneuver

41
Q

Vestibular neuronitis

A

Diazepam or meclizine during acute phases

42
Q

Traumatic vertigo

A

Diazepam or meclizine

43
Q

Perilymphatic fistula

A

Middle ear exploration

Window sealing

44
Q

Cervical vertigo

A

Neck movement exercises

45
Q

Vestibular Schwannoma

A

Surgery

Radiation

46
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A 
Avoidance
Nasal steroids (Nasonex, Flonase)
Antihistamines
Decongestants
Leukotriene receptor antagonist (Singulair)
47
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Stop/wean the decongestant
Topical intranasal steroids
Topical antihistamines
Nasal saline

48
Q

Sinusitis

A

Decongestants
Analgesics
Antibiotics

49
Q

Sinusitis (recommendations)

A 
Hydration
Steam inhalation
Saline irrigation
Sleep w head elevated
Follow up if not better within 72 hours
50
Q

Nasal vestibulitis (Staph aureus nasal colonization)

A

Dicloxacillin

51
Q

Epistaxis

A

Blow nose
Spray nares with oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Patient pinches alae tightly for 5-10 minutes

52
Q

Anterior epistaxis cautery

A

Visualize source of bleeding
Anesthetize
Chemical (silver nitrate) or electrical cautery

53
Q

Epistaxis nasal packing

A 
Nasal tampon (Merocel)
Nasal balloon catheter (rapid rhino)
Gauze packing (ribbon gauze)
54
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Glucocorticoids
Treat underlying allergies
Saline lavage
Surgery

55
Q

Nasal septum deviation

A

No treatment in mild cases

Septoplasty in severe cases

56
Q

Nasal bone fracture

A

Manual realignment under general anesthesia

Surgical septoplasty

57
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Biopsy

Stop tobacco and EtOH

58
Q

Oral cancer

A 
Oral brush biopsy
Scalpel biopsy (both to diagnose)
59
Q

Apthous ulcers AKA recurrent apthous stomatitis

A

Vitamin B12
Topical corticosteroids
Topical tetracyclines

60
Q

Candidiasis AKA Thrush

A 
Treat underlying immunologic issue
Nystatin swish and spit
Gentian violet
Fluconazole
Acidophilus (yogurt)
Magic mouthwash
61
Q

Meth mouth

A

Pull a couple of teeth at a time

62
Q

Epulis fissurata

A

Fit dentures properly to remove irritation

63
Q

Fordyce’s granules

A

No treatment necessary

64
Q

Oral herpes simplex virus

A

Oral and topical antivirals

65
Q

What is the most common pathogen that causes sialadenitis?

A

Staph aureus

66
Q

What are the most common viral and bacterial causes of parotitis?

A

Viral: paramyxovirus (mumps)
Bacteria: staph aureus

67
Q

What 4 symptoms are indicative of strep pharyngitis?

A

Fever
Tender anterior cervical adenopathy
Lack of cough
Pharyngotonsillar exudate

68
Q

A child with strep pharyngitis

A

Augmentin 40 mg/kg/day, BID or TID x 10 days

69
Q

An adult with strep pharyngitis

A

Augmentin 500-875 mg BID x10 days

70
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Rest
Non-caffeinated fluids
NSAIDs
Avoid strenuous exercise/sports

71
Q

When can an athlete with EBV return to play?

A

3 weeks with no splenomegaly, normal liver function, asymptomatic: moderate training
4 weeks asymptomatic: strenuous activity allowed

72
Q

Paratonsillar abscess AKA quinsy AKA cellulitis

A

Rule out strep and mono
Incision and drainage
AND/OR Tonsillectomy
AND/OR Abx

73
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess

A 
Lateral neck X-ray (bulging of posterior pharyngeal wall)
Hospitalize patient
Observe airway
IV Abx
ENT consult
74
Q

What is the most common pathogen responsible for causing epiglottitis?

A

H. influenza

75
Q

What does the sniffing/tripod position indicate?

A

Epiglottitis

76
Q

What does the “thumbprint sign” on a lateral neck X-ray indicate?

A

Epiglottitis

77
Q

Epiglottitis

A 
Do not use tongue depressor
Do not intubate
Do not have patient lay down
Manage airway
Hospitalize
Abx and steroids
78
Q

What are the most common causes of acute and chronic laryngitis?

A

Acute: viral infection
Chronic: GERD

79
Q

Laryngitis

A 
Cold humidifier
Rest voice
Stay hydrated
Analgesics
Treat any underlying cause (GERD)

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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