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Dealing with Threats > Clin Path 1: RBC Mass and Indices > Flashcards

Clin Path 1: RBC Mass and Indices Flashcards

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1
Q

Define anemia

A

a reduction in the RBC, Hgb, and PCV (or HCT)

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2
Q

What values do you focus on when evaluating a CBC for RBC mass? Which do you believe?

A

PCV or HCT - always believe PCV

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3
Q

Define erythrocytosis

A

increased PCV or HCT (often with concurrent increases in RBC count and Hgb)

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4
Q

Define polycythemia

A

erythrocytosis

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5
Q

Define macrocytosis

A

RBC larger than normal

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6
Q

What is the #1 cause of macrocytosis?

A

reticulocytosis

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7
Q

Define microcytosis

A

RBC smaller than normal

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8
Q

What is the #1 reason for microcytosis?

A

iron deficiency

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9
Q

Define hyperchromasia

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased/ small RBC

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10
Q

What does it mean if you see hyperchromasia on bloodwork results

A

artifact - no physiological state resulting in this

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11
Q

Define hypochromasia

A

MCHC decreased/large RBC

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12
Q

What is the #1 reason for hypochromasia? #2?

A

reticulocytosis
iron deficiency

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13
Q

What does reticulocytosis indicate?

A

regenerative anemia if high enough in number

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14
Q

Define metarubricytosis

A

presence of nRBCs in peripheral blood

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15
Q

What is appropriate metarubricytosis?

A

erythroid hyperplasia - occurs concurrently with reticulocytosis associated with regenerative anemia

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16
Q

What is inappropriate metarubricytosis?

A

if nRBCs are seen in the absence of reticulocytosis

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17
Q

What is considered a mild PCV threshold for dogs and cats?

A

dogs > or = 33%
cats > or = 26%

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18
Q

What is considered a moderate PCV for dogs and cats?

A

dogs > or = 24%
cats > or = 23%

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19
Q

What is considered a marked PCV for dogs and cats?

A

dogs < or = 23%
cats < or = 23%

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20
Q

What parameter is best for classifying the regenerative status of anemia for dogs, cats, and horses?

A

dog > 80,000 uL
cat > 60, 000 uL
horse …. no

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of anemia?

A

tissue hypoxia

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22
Q

What are the clinical signs of anemia as far as “symptoms” go?

A

lethargy, exercise intolerance

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23
Q

What would a veterinarian find during a physical exam of an anemia patient?

A

pale mucous membrane, hemodynamic compensation, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

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24
Q

What are possible causes of macrocytosis?

A

reticulocytosis (regeneration),
felv,
folate/cobalamin deficiency

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25
What are possible causes of microcytosis?
iron deficiency liver disease
26
What are possible causes of hyperchromasia?
artifact
27
What are possible causes of hypochromasia?
reticulocytosis iron deficiency liver disease
28
What are possible causes of reticulocytosis?
blood loss hemolysis hypoxia
29
What are causes of appropriate metarubricytosis?
erythroid hyperplasia
30
What are causes of inappropriate metarubricytosis?
bone marrow disease (leukemia, fracture, hypoxia) or splenic disease
31
If hypoplasia (atrophy) is the cause of anemia, is it nonregenerative or regenerative?
Non-regenerative
32
If hemorrhage or hemolysis is the cause of anemia is it nonregenerative or regenerative
regenerative
33
What does pre-regenerative mean?
takes 2-3 days to see response following cause of anemia
34
If it is > 2-3 days and there is reticulocytosis what does that mean?
regenerative anemia likely caused by hemorrhage or hemolysis
35
If it is > 2-3 days and there is no reticulocytosis what does that mean?
non-regenerative anemia caused by hypoplasia
36
What are the components of Red Cell Mass and what does it tell you?
RBC Hemoglobin Hematocrit Packed cell volume Tells you how many red cells in the blood
37
What are the components of RBC indicies and what does it tell you?
MCV MCH MCHC Tells you about the RBC such as size or color
38
What is plasma and what does Plasma Appearance tell you?
plasma is free fluid component after spinning in centrifuge and the RBC fall to the bottom as the PCV Plasma appearance can tell you about what is going on within the body
39
What does it mean if the plasma is yellow?
bilirubin in blood - bilirubemia
40
What does it mean if the plasma is white?
lipidemia
41
What does it mean if the plasma is red
RBC are lysed - hemoglobenemia
42
What should the value of Hct % be
equal to PCV
43
What should the value of the Hgb conc be?
1/3 of PCV
44
What does it mean if PCV is decreased
anemia
45
How does erythrocytosis or polycyhtemia influence PCV?
increases PCV since free water has decreased due to dehydration
46
What are polychromatophils vs reticulocytes
polychromatophils are bigger, bluer, and have less Hgb than reticulocytes and are only seen on stain
47
What are the uses of reticulocytes?
Bone marrow health RBC regeneration
48
How do feline reticulocytes differ from other species
Aggregate - young, immature, recently released Punctate - aggregate cells mature into punctate and stick around for 2 weeks
49
What does reticulocyte number indicate?
if bone marrow is responding to anemia
50
What are the uses of nRBCs
Bone marrow health splenic health
51
If an animal has macrocytic hypochromic lab values what does this indicate?
reticulocytes increased and regenerative anemia
52
If an animal has microcytic hypochromic lab values what does this indicate?
iron deficiency
53
What is Mean Corpuscle Value (MCV)?
Measures size of RBC Micro or macrocytosis
54
What is Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)?
Average conc. of hemoglobin in blood Hypo or hyperchromasia
55
How would sample storage affect PCV?
increase
56
How would hemolysis affect PCV?
decrease
57
What is the equation for HCT on a blood sampling machine?
(MCV * RBC) /10
58
How would RBC agglutination affect HCT?
unpredictable
59
How would hemolysis affect HCT?
decrease
60
How would sample storage affect RBC?
decrease
61
How would RBC agglutination affect RBC?
decrease
62
What are 3 ways that Hgb (increased MCHC) would be affected?
Lipemia Hemolysis Heinz Bodies

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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