clinical correlations 2

Question 1

What body type has issues with airway?

Answer 1

apple

Question 2

phosphaphatidylinositol plays what role in the signaling cascade?

Answer 2

cleaved by phospholipase C resulting in IP3 and DAG ,

calcium

Question 3

glucocorticoids upregulate lipocortins that inhibit ?

Answer 3

phospholipase A2

Question 4

PGF2 is responsible for

Answer 4

uterine contraction

Question 5

PGI2 is responsible for

prostacyclin

Answer 5

vasodilation  
inhibits platelet aggregation 
pain sensitization
gastric cryoprotection 
PDA

Question 6

PGE2

Answer 6

pain sensitization

Question 7

PGD2

Answer 7

bronchoconstriction

Question 8

TXA2

Answer 8

platelet aggregation
bronchoconstriction
vasoconstriction

Question 9

LTD4

Answer 9

bronchoconstriction

Question 10

Fish oil does what ?

Answer 10

lowers VLDL

Question 11

Fish oil contains

Answer 11

omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 12

hold fish oil for how long before surgery?

Answer 12

10-14 days

Question 13

in Keto acidosis glucagon is elevated and insulin is decreased. What four things does this lead to?

Answer 13

lipolysis
free fatty acids in plasma
hepatic output of ketone bodies
ketoacidosis

Question 14

HDL cholesterol is our friend. Why?

Answer 14

retrieve cholesterol from cells and tissues,

decrease foam cells in intima

Question 15

inhibitors of HMG coa reductase?

Answer 15

statins

Question 16

blocks cholesterol absorption

Answer 16

ezetimibe

Question 17

bile resins

cholestyramine

Answer 17

blocks bile reabsorption, have to scavenge cholesterol to make more

Question 18

blocks cholesterol from binding to VLDL

Answer 18

niacin

Question 19

What are the 4 main tissues in communication via hormones for regulation of metabolism

Answer 19

liver
adipose
muscle
brain

Question 20

Insulin binds to what receptor

Answer 20

tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 21

when insulin binds causing phosphorylation what happens?

5

Answer 21

glucose uptake (mobilizing transporters)
glycogen synthesis
protein synthesis  
fat synthesis 
altered gene expression (enzymes)

Question 22

when insulin binds causing phosphorylation what catabolic processes are stopped
4

Answer 22

inhibits 
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
lipolysis  
ketogenesis

Question 23

glucagon and epinephrine increase what four catabolic processes

Answer 23

gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
lipolysis
ketogenesis

Question 24

insulin secretion is decreased in pancreas during hypoglycemia by what mechanism?

Answer 24

epi binding to A2

Question 25

Hypoglycemia at blood glucose level of 50 causes | 6

Answer 25

``` headache confusion slurred speech seizures coma death ```

Question 26

Hypoglycemia at blood glucose level of 55 causes

Answer 26

anxiety palpitation tremor sweating

Question 27

Cholelithiasis is caused by

Answer 27

a bile salt deficiency

Question 28

Fatty liver (steatosis) is an imbalance of ?

Answer 28

TAG synthesis to secretion of VLDL

Question 29

familial hypercholesterolemia results from

Answer 29

deficiency in LDL receptors

Question 30

metabolism of LDL

Answer 30

liver cholesterol level low increase expression of LDL receptors increased removal of LDL from plasma

Question 31

Tell me WTF a mother fuckn foam cells is

Answer 31

- macrophages scavenge chemically modified LDLs(oxidized lipid or apo B) - macrophages pile up causing atherosclerosis - create foam cells - located under endothelium lining - cause damage to vessel

Question 32

HDL help foam cells problems how?

Answer 32

retrieve cholesterol from cells and tissues

Question 33

enzyme deficiency related to steroid synthesizing enzymes could result in

Answer 33

congenital adrenal hyperplasis

Question 34

congenital adrenal hyperplasis would cause?

Answer 34

inability to respond to stress response | cv collapse

Question 35

11B hydroxylase deficiency exaggerated by what drug

Answer 35

etomidate

Question 36

Chronic steroid use would cause? | In regards to hormones

Answer 36

HP axis blunted cant respond to stress response

Question 37

blunted HP axis give what?

Answer 37

glucocorticoids