Clinical Correlations: Staphylococal and Streptococcal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical thought process

A
  1. is the patient infected
  2. What is the (likely) infecting organism
  3. Where did it come from
  4. Where has it gone
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2
Q

B hemolytic streptococci

-list them and if they are OCN S or not

A
  • S. pyogenes (Group A) PCN S.
  • S agalactiae (group B) +/- PCN
  • S dysgalactine (C&G) +/- PCN
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3
Q

Non B hemolytic Streptococci

A

S pneumoniae

S gallolyticus

Viridans streptococci

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4
Q

Where is a majority of staphylococcus located

A

skin

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5
Q

where is streptococcus located

A

skin, oropharynx, large intestine, small intestine

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6
Q

What can streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) cause

A
  • cellulitis (non-pirulent)
  • Pharyngitis
  • Impetigo
  • Scaret fever
  • Rheumatic heart disease
  • acute rheumatic fever
  • glomerulonephritis
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7
Q

what is the spectrum of illness for other B hemolytic streptococci that aren’t GAS

A
  • GBS: cellulitis (adults); occasional BSI/Endocarditis

- GCS/GGS: cellulitis/BSI

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8
Q

What can streptococcus pneumoniae cause

A
  • Pneumonia (most common)
  • Meningitis (most common)
  • both could be with or without bacteremia
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9
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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10
Q

What does Viridans group Streptococci cause

A
  • intraabdominal abscess (diverticulitis)
  • Head/Neck Infection
  • liver abscess
  • bacteremia/endocarditis
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11
Q

Spectrum of illness for staphylococcus aureus

A

-pirulent cellulitis (white head/puss)
-Nosocomial infections
*surgical site infections
(any break in skin)
*Pneumonia (more than community)
*Catheter associated
*Inta-abdominal
-Endocarditis

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12
Q

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci can cause what illnesses

A
  • Nosocomial infections (healthcare associated)
  • catheter associated
  • surgical site infections
  • prosthetic infections
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13
Q

spectrum of illness for Staphylococcus lugdunesis

A

-clinical manifestations and aggressiveness more akin to S aureus

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14
Q

What is a big indication of necrotizing fasciitis

A

-usually have pain way out of proportion to the visible swelling
(it is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue)

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15
Q

superantigens

A
  • produced by all pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates (up to 24 distinct)
  • Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) produce up to 11 distinct
  • cause activation of up to 50% of T cells (1 in 10,000 more usual antigens)-cytokine storm can result in toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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16
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat superantigens by decreasing the production of toxins

A

Clindamycin and Linezolid