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VMS 2010 > Clinical Examination > Flashcards

Clinical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 important things about a dog clinical exam

A
  • Better to have them on the table rather than on the floor
  • Big dogs or nervous dogs should be on the floor
  • Treats can help
  • Leads should be kept on
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2
Q

Name 4 important things about a feline clinical exam

A
  1. Should be a cat friendly space
  2. Preferable to be on the floor
  3. May be stressed/ try to escape
  4. Make sure the restraint is adequate
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3
Q

Name 5 important things about an equine clinical exam

A
  1. Need to ensure appropriate restarint (bit better than headcollar)
  2. Stand on same side as the handler
  3. Ensure adequate lighting
  4. Ensure that the environment is safe
  5. Ensure there are no obvious escape routes
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4
Q

Name 3 important things about a cow clinical exam

A
  1. Halters are useful
  2. Ensure crush race is secure
  3. ensure access to the animal is appropriate
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5
Q

Name 4 important things about a sheep clinical exam

A
  1. Have an experienced assistant
  2. Press sheep against the wall to limit movement
  3. Moving them in groups is less stressful
  4. The less you restrain the easier it is
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6
Q

Name 5 pieces of equipment needed for a clinical exam

A
  • Stethoscope
  • Lubricating jelly
  • Thermometer
  • Gloves
  • PPE

assistants are also useful

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7
Q

Name the four important components for a clinical exam

A
  1. S- Signalemt
  2. H- History
  3. O- observation
  4. E- examine
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8
Q

Why is signalment important?

name/ identification/ breed/ species…

A
  • Need to maintain accurate clinical records
  • Species breed etc have an impact on diagnosis
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9
Q

What may you observe in a clinical exam?

A
  • Demeanour
  • Mobility/ gait
  • Posture/ Body condition
  • Body sillhouette
  • Coat/ Fleece condition
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10
Q

What is the best direction to undergo the examination?

A

Head to tail

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11
Q

What would you examine in the ears?

A
  1. Examine the pinna and the inside of the ear
  2. Note appearance, odour, pain, colour..
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12
Q

What would you examine in the eye and eyelids?

A
  • eye position
  • ocular discharge and inflammation
  • conjunctival appearance
  • scleral appearance
  • assess vison/ ability to track an object
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13
Q

What would you examine in the nose?

A
  • Examine the external nares, lips and muzzle
  • discolouration, symmetry, presence of masses
  • symmetry of air flow
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14
Q

What would you examine in the mouth?

A
  • Observe the oral mucous membrane
  • perform capillary refil time over the root of the upper canine teeth
  • examine gingiva and teeth on both sides
  • Observe dental occlusion
  • note malodour
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15
Q

What may you examine in the neck?

A
  • Palpate the mandibular salivary glands
  • Inspect and palpate the neck
  • look for jugular fill/ distension
  • Flex and extend the head to assess the range of movement
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16
Q

What may you examine in the thorax?

A
  • palpate the pre-scapular lymph nodes
  • palpate the thoracic wall looking for symmetry and to identify areas of pain
  • palpate the thoracic spine
  • examine the skin of the thorax
  • Auscultate the thorax
17
Q

What are the four beats you can hear in the heart?

A
  1. Pulmonic- 2nd-4th rib space on the left side
  2. Aortic- 4th rib space on the left side
  3. Mitral- 5th rib space on the left side
  4. Tricuspid 3rd-5th rib space on the right side
18
Q

What is the function of the withers test in cattle?

A

identifies abdominal pain

19
Q

What would you auscultate in the abdomen?

A
  • Palpate/ inspect the surface of the abdomen
  • palpate the abdominal organs
  • listen to gut sounds
  • Ballotte (mass moving around in the abdomen)
20
Q

What would you assess/ auscultate in the abdomen in the cow?

A
  • Assess the rumen fill
  • Ausculate the left side (rumen, percussion etc.)
  • Auscultate the right side (intestines, caecum…)
  • Palpate the rectum
  • Paralumbar fossa
21
Q

What would you assess in the abdomen of the sheep?

A
  • Assess rumen fill
  • Auscultate left/ right side and ballotment (fluid in the abdomen)
22
Q

What do you palpate as part of the thoracic area?

A
  • Palpate muscles, joints, tendons and long bones
  • evaluate for swelling, pain or heat
  • inspect the tail for masses, hair loss or pain on manipulation
23
Q

What may you palpate as part of the perineum?

A
  • Inspect the area
  • inspect udder, teats, milk, supra-mammary lymph nodes
  • palpate testicles and check for symmetry/ texture
  • perform vaginal exam if indicated
  • measure rectal temperature
24
Q

What is the skin turgor test an indicator of?

A

Indicator of dehydration

25
Q

Name three palpable lymph nodes in the dog

A
  • Mandibular lymph node
  • Popliteal lymph node
  • Prescapular lymph node
26
Q

Name the 5 ‘vital signs’

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Pulse
  3. Respiration
  4. Pain
  5. Nutritional status
27
Q

Which artery do you take the pulse from in the dog/ cat/ sheep?

A

Femoral

28
Q

Which artery would you take the pulse from in the horse?

A

Facial

29
Q

Which artery would you take the pulse from in a cow?

A

coccygeal

30
Q

Name 5 pieces of equipment needed for opthalmic examination

A
  1. Opthalmoscope
  2. Pen torch
  3. Schirmer tear test strips- assess tear production
  4. Mydriatic drop (dilate the pupil to examine the fundus)
  5. Fluorescein drops (identify corneal ulceration)
31
Q

Name 5 pieces of equipment needed for a neurological examination

A
  1. Opthalmoscope
  2. Light source
  3. Cotton wool
  4. Reflex hammer
  5. Artery forceps
32
Q

Where is the pulmonic beat?

A

2nd-4th space on the left hand side

33
Q

Where is the aortic beat?

A

4th rib space on the left hand side

34
Q

Where is the mitral beat?

A

5th rib space on the left hand side

35
Q

Where is the tricuspid beat?

A

3rd-5th rib space on right side

36
Q

How would you assess concious propriception in dogs and cats?

A

place feet into a knuckling position

37
Q

What is the purpose of the reflex hammer?

A

To check for myotatic reflexes

VMS 2010 (13 decks)

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