Clinical: uterus (hysterectomy & endometrium disorder) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Clinical: uterus (hysterectomy & endometrium disorder) Deck (19)
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1
Q

what is hysterectomy?

A

surgical removal of the uterus

2
Q

what is hysterectomy usually a result of?

A

result of uterine / cervical cancer

3
Q

what is at risk of being damaged in hysterectomy?

A

ureters

4
Q

why is ureters at risk of damage?

A

uterine artery crosses ureters about 1cm lateral to internal os

5
Q

how would the ureters be damaged during hysterectomy?

A

damaged during clamping of uterine arteries

6
Q

what is water under the bridge?

A

water is ureters

bridge is the uterine artery (bridge on top)

7
Q

what is Endometriosis?

A

the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue at sites outside the uterus

8
Q

where are the most common sites of endometriosis?

A

the ovaries and the ligaments of the uterus

9
Q

why does a cyst occur from ectopic tissue?

A

Ectopic tissue is still responsive to oestrogenic stimuli therefore cyclic proliferation and bleeding occur, often forming a cyst

10
Q

what is endometriosis associated with?

A

dysmenorrhoea and/or infertility

11
Q

what are fibroids?

A

benign tumours of the endometrium which affect 20% of menopausal women

12
Q

what are fibroids dependent on?

A

They are oestrogen dependent

13
Q

when do fibroids enlarge?

A

during pregnancy and with use of the contraceptive pill

14
Q

when do fibroids tend to regress?

A

after the menopause

15
Q

how do most fibroids present?

A

Most fibroids are asymptomatic, but if large enough the uterine mass can cause symptoms including menorrhagia, pelvic pain and infertility

16
Q

which is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract?

A

Endometrial Carcinoma

17
Q

when are endometrial carcinoma most often found?

A

during, or after, the menopause

18
Q

what is endometrial carcinoma most often found?

A

by abnormal uterine bleeding

19
Q

where are the majority of neoplasms (endometrial carcinoma) found?

A

in the transformation zone of the cervix between the columnar epithelium of the endocervix and the stratified squamous epithelium of the exocervix