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CLM > CLM_ArtHist_Renacimiento 01 > Flashcards

CLM_ArtHist_Renacimiento 01 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How describe Spain en siglo XVI? B. ¿Qué año el primer asedio de Viena? C. ¿ …la batalla de Lepanto?
  2. Who was “el último rey nazarí”?
  3. Describe the 2 forces within the empire (which created a tension)
  4. Why did the tensions arise?
  5. Who unified the crowns? [Nb reason Fernando ruled as regent until 1518 cos’ not King of Castille]
A
  1. It evolved quickly to become “el primer impero mundial” (menos Polinesia). B. 1529 C. 1571
  2. Boabdil
  3. A. una tendencia centralista B. foralista [from fuero = traditional rights and laws of each state]
  4. Because the kingdom of Castilla (the bigger, de Isabel, died 1504) was bigger than Aragon (Fernando, died 1516) weren’t unified
  5. Carlos V, 18, son of Juana la loca [daughter of Los Reyes Católicos, died 1545] and Felipe de Austria, a flamenco [got imperio germánico].
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2
Q
  1. ¿Qué fue el objetivo de Carlos V? A. En latín B. Explícalo.
  2. Nombre de tipo de reino. B. origen griego
  3. ¿Por qué tenía aquel sistema?
  4. ¿Quién dirigía aquellas distintas cosas para el imperador? (x3)
A
  1. La Universitas Christiana B. una Europa unificado con un rey y una religión (catolicismo): imposible
  2. un sistema polisinodial = distintos ámbitos para el gobierno bajo el imperador (una monarquía autóritaria) B. poli = muchos + sínodo = meetings
  3. Para gestionar tantos países muy dispersos las que resultado con muchos problemas de cohesión.
  4. A. Los Consejos (pq aconsejaban el rey) B. Virreinatos (viceroyship) -> virrey, person C. Las audiencias (a hearing, b4 a tribunal)
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3
Q
  1. Cuatro tipos de consejos de …
  2. ¿Qué eran los virreinatos de los Indios? C ¿el virrey de Flanders?
  3. ¿Qué nueva virreinatos fueron creados en siglo XVIII?
  4. What is the full name of Bogotá?
A
  1. A. de la Hacienda (tomar decisiones de economía y administrar los bienes del estado) B. de Estado (la política exterior) C. de territorios [1. de Indios 2. de Flanders] D. de Inquisición
  2. A. de Nueva España (Méjico y Guatemala) B. de Perú (todo hacía el sur de Guatemala) C. era un gobernador (una anomalia)
  3. A. de Nueva Granada (Colombia) B. de Plata (Argentina)
  4. Sante Fe de Bogotá [from town just north of Granada, last place taken b4 Granada]
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4
Q
  1. Who were the 3 enemies of Carlos V?
  2. ¿Porque Carlos V tenía una aversión hacía a Francisco 1 de Francia?
  3. How many wars did they fight against the French?
  4. What was la Paz de Augsburgo (1555)
  5. an honary doctorate
A
  1. Francia (enemigo numero 1) B. Los protestantes (Martín Lutero) C. Los Turcos
  2. Captured him at la Batalla de Pavia (1525). He broke every word in the treaty after. Carlos V schooled in chivalry.
  3. Seven.
  4. Cada territorio tenía su religion de su gobernante [= ruler], ie lost conflict with protestants
  5. un doctorado honoris causa
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5
Q
  1. What did Carlos V do in 155? B. What mean for Felipe II?
  2. When was Portugal unified with Spain? Why?
  3. What was Felipe II’s objective?
  4. How was the French issue resolved?
  5. What about the Turks?
A
  1. abdicó como Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico -> su hermano, Fernando B. Felipe not emperador (became King in 1556)
  2. 1580-1640. B. The King of Portugal disappeared in a battle in Africa. Felipe 2 claimed through bis mum, Isabel de Portugal.
  3. la supremacía de los Habsburgo B. la defensa de catolocismo contra todo
  4. Won la batalla de San Quintin (1558) ->La Paz de Cateau-Cambrésis = married Isabel de valois (3rd of 4 wives)
  5. La Liga Santa won la batalla de Lepanto (1571) <- el milagro de la virgín de Rosario
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6
Q
  1. What was el problemo morisco? B. Consequence?
  2. What is la limpieza de sangre?
  3. What is el concilio de Trento (25 sesiones entre 1545 y 1563)?
  4. What was the artistic style at start of Felipe 2? (x3)
  5. What style is la capilla real de Granada?
A
  1. la sublevación de Las Alpujarras (1568 - 1571) -> a religious and ideological repression (eg couldn’t go to a uni outside Spain)
  2. Could only participate in govt if could demonstrate of pure blood (ie not conversos, moriscos in past)
  3. Defined what it is to be a catholic ie marked out the differences from non-catholics (eg of obsession with control)
  4. A. una tradición muy solida de caracter gótica y flamenca (as in, flanders) B. y mudéjar (muy geométrico) C. PloT. hablar de bilingüismo estilístico
  5. gótica, pero con decoración renancista
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7
Q
  1. How did the renaissance (Italy siglo XV) come to Spain (Siglo XVI)
  2. What did the delay mean re Spanish renaissance art?
  3. Why is it so classical?
  4. What is implication of it being “el primer arte de la contra refoma”?
  5. the nobility commissions artists …
A
  1. Primarily, el mecenazgo nobilario [aristocratic (adj) patronage(N)] <- los mecenas = patron: principally la familia Mendoza -> Italian craftsman etc
  2. Superficial. Cos Siglo XV was a time of debate and reflection in Italy
  3. Rome, last great empire -> recuperar su prestigio (monumentalism).
  4. Hay mucha decoración CF la austeridad-austero Luter
  5. La nobleza encarga los artistas …
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8
Q
  1. 1st renaissance phase - A. Nombre? B. Fecha? C. Features?
  2. Eg. Castillo de Calahorra (1509-1512): A: describe B. Patron C. Architect. D. Where is it (in spanish)
  3. Describe the sillares [stone block <- silla <- sentar] in Italian palaces? B. Why? C. What else adj mean?
  4. Eg. El Palacio Ducal de Cogolludo (1495) (en Guadalajara) - why impt?
A
  1. el Protorrenacimiento, o Plataresco B. 1490 -1530 C. Gothic buildings, incorporate via decoration.
  2. A. Gothic castle, italian renaissance patio inside. B. el Marqués de Cañete (a Mendoza) C. Rodrigo Díaz D. en la cara norte de la Sierra Nevada
  3. son sillares almohadillados (dressed stone blocks) ie edges curved to give a rustic look. B. to show wealthy, cos’ costs $$ C. padded or cushiony
  4. Example of sillares almohadillados, some gothic elements (windows, roof), some renacentista (arches)
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9
Q
  1. 2nd etapa renacentista? A. Nombre? B. Fecha? C. 2 Granada egs?
  2. 3rd etapa renacentista? A. Nombre + why? B. Fecha? C. 2 Features?
  3. Focus on 1st. grutescos (relativo a gruto = cave) were a decorative element: A. describe B. where from? C. Granada eg?
  4. Decoración: What is a candelieri?
A
  1. A. Pleno renacimiento o Purismo B. 1530-1560 C. El Palacio de Carlos V y LA Catedral
  2. A. Manierismo o Estilo Herreriano de Juan de Herrera arquitecto de El Escorrial B. 1560-1600 C. serio, poco decoración, linea, geometrico, volumen.
  3. A. elemento decorativo que unen formas de humanos, animales y vegetales en una composición fantastica B. Pompeya (discovered in houses) C. en la reja mayor de la Capilla Realen la Catedral
  4. un tallo (stem) vertical decorativa, normalmente en las pilastras
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10
Q
  1. Decoración: ¿Qué son cornucopias o cuernos de la abundancia? (horns of plenty)? B. Latin origin.
  2. Dec: ¿Qué son jarrones?
  3. Dec: ¿Qué son antorchas? How appear?
  4. Dec: ¿Qué son festones? (festón)
  5. Dec: ¿Qué son mascarones? (mascarón)
  6. Dec: escudos heráldicos <- la heráldica <- Why appear in decoration?
A
  1. Think: arrangement with lots of plants. B. latin “corno” = “cuerno” + “copio” = “riqueza”: procede de la mitología clasica
  2. Decorative vases: (jarón = vase)
  3. Torches, normally 2 crossed.
  4. garlands of flower, usually in droopy shape hung from point A -> B. THINK decorative paper hung from ceiling at parties
  5. Mascaras con caras fantasticas, normalmente feas, de antiguidad
  6. To show who commissioned the building etc.
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11
Q
  1. Heraldry: What symbols identify Isabel la Católica?
  2. fachada de la Universidad de Salamanca (1525), a gothic building with a renaissance fachada. A. How many layers? B. Doors? C. Metaphor explained.
  3. How know who ordered it built?
  4. Where is the frog and what linked to?
A
  1. Castillos y Leones = Castilla y León
  2. A. 3 [Optical illusion, 2 higher levels bigger cos’ further away, harder to see] B.Two = a metaphor, door on left {below sculpture of Venus = el vicio), door on right (below sculpture of Heracles = la virtud): knowledge helps us choose the right door.
  3. hay un redondo en la mitad con los simbolos de los reyes catolicos y un poco más alto hay un áquila bicéfala (simbolo de Carlos V)
  4. On the right hand side on a skull. Linked to vice.
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12
Q
  1. Eg pleno renacimiento: Why did Carlos V order his palace and the Cathedral be built in Granada.
  2. When did Carlos V visit Granada? Why? Why didn’t he stay in the preceding place?
  3. Why did he locate the Palace and the Cathedral where he did?
A
  1. Granada was last kingdom conquered = un símbolo de unidad y victoria
  2. The summer of 1526 for his honeymoon, after marrying Isabel of Portugal in Sevilla. C. Carlos V came from northern europe, Sevilla too hot.
  3. A. palace en la ciudad alta [next to the other palaces = la ciudad de los palacios] B. la catedral en la ciudad baja
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13
Q
  1. How did La Catedral de Granada start? Who architect?
  2. What are the 2 parts of the Cathedral? B. What inspired 1st part? C. What name of circular ambulatory aisle? D. How 2 parts linked? What name of linking column?
  3. What is an arco de truinfo? B. How used? C. What effect give the roof?
  4. What diff una cruz romana y una cruz griega?
  5. What does la eucarastía represent?
  6. Where Carlos V buried?
A
  1. Gótico (con la Capilla Real y un muro curvado, similar a Toledo) B. Diego Siloé (arquitecto y escultor)
  2. La Capilla Real (un espacio centralizado), La nave (5 naves). B. el Panteón de Roma, p.e cielo azul con estrellas) C. La Girola D. con el Crucero E. un arco rebajado
  3. Three arcs side by side with the central one higher. B. a repeating motiff in the cathedral (eg in the side capillas) C. una altura escalonada
  4. In a cruz griega the lengths are the same.
  5. The body of christ
  6. Idea was here, but in El Escorial.
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14
Q
  1. What 4 things mark out the Palace of Carlos V?
  2. Who was the architect? What year work begin?
  3. Explain la simbología?
  4. Note, step up as enter circle (to meet a superior), what is its cupolo? B. How is the centralised aspect reinforced? C. What are the column types?
A
  1. A. monumentalidad (el primer gran palacio de la monarquia española) B. simbología C. clasicisimo (una metáfora del imperio) D. ubicación (en la ciudad palatina, encima de la ciudad)
  2. Pedro Machuca (arquitecto y pintor) B. 1527
  3. Basado en las figuras geométricas basicas: el circulo (no tiene un fin), el cuadrado (los 4 direcciones, N, S, E, OE = no tiene fin) + son simbolos sincillo y basico = todo universal COMO el imperio.
  4. el cielo. B. The pilastras line up against the columns pointing to the centre. C. columna jónica (bottom), columna dorico or toscana (2nd floor)
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15
Q
  1. Ext, Palacio Carlos V, 1st floor: what shape sillares? B. los vanos? C. los pilastras?
  2. What is una alegoría?
  3. What is around the South gate (2)? Why?
  4. La fachada occidental around West gate? B. Why Hércules? C. What battle referenced by los trofeos.
  5. Otra alegoria with áquila bicéfala encima holding una rama de olivo. What is the message?
  6. The palace “es una case de un hereo .. [3] cosas” (what are the 3 things?)
A
  1. A. sillares almohadillados (force, wealth) B. 2, a circle above a square (universality theme), inverted in 1st floor C. like inside (jónico)
  2. una figura femenina que representa un concepto
  3. la fábula de Neptuno y alegorías de la fama y la historia B. Carlos V naval victories, so live on.
  4. 3 tondos (circular relief or painting). Middle el escudo de Felipe II. Either side, H. B. Hércules represents virtue (cos´redeemed himself). Also in journeys came to Spain. Both link to monarquía española C. batalla de Pavía (1525)
  5. rama de olivo = el simbolo de paz B. Message is Carlos V brought peace.
  6. A. virtuoso B. victorioso C. pacificador
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16
Q
  1. What else does pilar mean? B. Why is it a popular woman’s name?
  2. Why did Felipe II like uniformity (and try and enforce it)?
  3. Who are the 2 architects of El Escorrial? B. When built? C. Why take such a short time?
  4. What 2 changes to original design did Herrera make? Why?
A
  1. the basin below a fountain, which catches the water. B. la Virgen María apareció encima de una pilar en 1212 en Zaragosa (durante la reconquista)
  2. a uniform people are easier to govern.
  3. Juan Bautista de Toledo (died) + Juan de Herrera (soldier, architect) B. 1562-1584 C. Felipe II heavily involved, including in the design
  4. A. igualdad de las alturas (originalmente alturas escalanadas) B. Menos torres (12 -> 6) C. Un aspecto más cúbico, cerrado, compacto => más sensillo y simple = universal (como el imperio)
17
Q
  1. Why is it: El monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorrial? What does it represent?
  2. What are the features of estilo escurialense? 3 points = el manierismo español
  3. ¿Por qué el conjunto tiene la forma de una parrilla? [a grill with a handle] [conjunto = a collection, of buildings -> en conjunto = loc. adv. En su totalidad, sin entrar en detalles]
  4. ¿Por qué el conjunto complejo es polifuncional? [multifunctional, poli = many],[5], [a pantheon = a monument destined to bury various people]
A
  1. 12 de agosto 1557 ganó la batalla de San Quintín (end to French wars): 12 de agosto = el día de San Lorenzo. B. el estilo oficial del estado.
  2. A. clacisimo (inspirado por Roma y Grecia) B. severo = geometría pura desnuda sin decoración C. deudor de Serlio y Vignola [expanded on architectural treatise of Vitruvio, roman architect survived to Renainssance}
  3. Es el simbolo de San Lorenzo.
  4. A. Es un monasterio [la fe] B. un colegio [la ciencia] C. una basilica [una iglesia, Nb romans used them for admin, courts etc] D. un palacio D. un panteón real

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