CM LEC - Synovial Fluid Flashcards by Carmina Mislang

Q

Often referred as “joint fluid”

-

A

synovial fluid

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Q

A viscous fluid found in the cavities of the movable

joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints

A

synovial fluid

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Q

Contained in a cavity that separates the articular cartilage which lines the bones in the synovial joints

A

synovial fluid

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Q

lines the bones in the synovial joints

A

articular cartilage

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Q

synovial fluid is found in

A

cavities of the movable

joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints

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Q

other name of synovial fluid

A

joint fluid

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Q

bones in synovial joints are separated by a ___

this __ also contains the synovial fluid

A

cavity

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Q

2 parts of synovial joint which reduce the friction between bones during joint movement

A

smooth articular cartilage

synovial fluid

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Q

Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage

A

synovial fluid

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Q

lessens the shock of compression occurring during activities such as walking & jogging

A

synovial fluid

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Q

Formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane

A

synovial fluid

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Q

specificity of filtration of synovial fluid

A

nonselective filtration except for high molecular weight proteins

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Q

most of the chemical constituents of synovial fluid is similar to ___ values due to the nonselective filtration of synovial fluid

A

plasma

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Q

Viscosity is caused by the secreted mucopolysaccharide containing ___ of the synoviocytes

A

hyaluronic acid

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Q

specialized cells of synovial fluid

A

synoviocytes

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Q

hyaluronic acid in the mucoploysaccharide causes __

A

viscosity

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Q

damage to the articular membranes that

produces pain & stiffness in the joints

A

Arthritis

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Q

joint disorders classification

Microbial infection

A

septic

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Q

joint disorders classification

Degenerative joint disorder

A

non inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Crystal induced gout & pseudogout

A

inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Immunologic problems, including rheumatoid arthritis & lupus erythematosus

A

inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Traumatic injury

A

hemorrhagic

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Q

joint disorders classification

Coagulation deficiencies

A

hemorrhagic

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Q

Most frequently performed tests (5)

A

	WBC count
	Differential
	Gram stain
	Culture
	Polarized microscopy examination for crystals

synovial fluid Collected by ___

needle aspiration (arthrocentesis)

Amount of fluid present varies with __ (2)

joint size & | degree of fluid build up in the joint

sx collection and handling | _____ collected should be recorded

Volume of liquid

does normal SF clot or not?

- Normal synovial fluid does not clot

Fluid is usually collected in a __ moistened with heparin

syringe

Fluid is usually collected in a syringe moistened with __

heparin

Sufficient fluid is distributed into 3 tubes

``` #1- sterile heparinized: microbiology lab #2 – liquid EDTA tube: hematology lab #3 – nonanticoagulated tube: other tests ```

tube # 1 lab

microbio

tube #2 lab

hema

tube #3 lab

*other tests

tube #1 contains what type of specimen

sterile heparinized

tube #2 contains what type of specimen

liquid EDTA tube

tube #3 contains what type of specimen

nonanticoagulated

Powdered coagulants should not be used because they may produce ___ that will interfere with crystal analyses

artifacts

____ should not be used because they may produce artifacts that will interfere with crystal analyses

Powdered coagulants

artifacts interfere with what analysis

crystal

All testing should be done as soon as possible to | prevent (2)

cellular lysis & possible changes in crystals

Appearance & Viscosity  Normal - ?    Milky – presence of crystals

clear & pale yellow

 Deeper yellow -

presence of inflammation

Greenish

bacterial infection

Turbidity (3)

presence of WBCs synovial cell debris fibrin

 Milky

presence of crystals

property of SF essential for proper lubrication

viscosity

viscosity caused by __ of hyaluronic acid

polymerization

condition which decreases viscosity

arthritis

simplest method to measure viscosity is the ______

ability of the fluid to form a string from the tip of a syringe

Normal string measures ?? cm

4 to 6cm

used to measure the degree of hyaluronate | polymerization aside from the string test

Ropes, or Mucin Clot Tests

in the mucin clot test, normal synovial test is added to a solution of __

2-5% acetic acid

normal result in the mucin clot test

solid clot | surrounded by clear fluid

Synovial fluid lactate | - provide rapid differentiation between _____

inflammatory & septic arthritis

> 250 mg/dl lactate levels is seen in what types of arthritis

septic, rheumatoid

serologic test is used for diagnosis of ____

joint disorders

Rheumatoid arthritis &lupus erythromatosus are diagnosed by demonstrating WHAT

the presence of their particular antibodies in the patient’s serum

Demostration of antibodies to the causative agent Borrelia burgdorgeri in the patient’s serum can ___

confirm the cause of the arthritis