Flashcards in CM LEC - Synovial Fluid Deck (59):
1
Often referred as “joint fluid”
-
synovial fluid
2
- A viscous fluid found in the cavities of the movable
joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints
synovial fluid
3
Contained in a cavity that separates the articular cartilage which lines the bones in the synovial joints
synovial fluid
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lines the bones in the synovial joints
articular cartilage
5
synovial fluid is found in
cavities of the movable
joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints
6
other name of synovial fluid
joint fluid
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bones in synovial joints are separated by a ___
this __ also contains the synovial fluid
cavity
8
2 parts of synovial joint which reduce the friction between bones during joint movement
smooth articular cartilage
synovial fluid
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- Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage
synovial fluid
10
lessens the shock of compression occurring during activities such as walking & jogging
synovial fluid
11
Formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane
synovial fluid
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specificity of filtration of synovial fluid
nonselective filtration except for high molecular weight proteins
13
most of the chemical constituents of synovial fluid is similar to ___ values due to the nonselective filtration of synovial fluid
plasma
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- Viscosity is caused by the secreted mucopolysaccharide containing ___ of the synoviocytes
hyaluronic acid
15
specialized cells of synovial fluid
synoviocytes
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hyaluronic acid in the mucoploysaccharide causes __
viscosity
17
damage to the articular membranes that
produces pain & stiffness in the joints
Arthritis
18
joint disorders classification
Microbial infection
septic
19
joint disorders classification
Degenerative joint disorder
non inflammatory
20
joint disorders classification
Crystal induced gout & pseudogout
inflammatory
21
joint disorders classification
Immunologic problems, including rheumatoid arthritis & lupus erythematosus
inflammatory
22
joint disorders classification
Traumatic injury
hemorrhagic
23
joint disorders classification
Coagulation deficiencies
hemorrhagic
24
Most frequently performed tests (5)
WBC count
Differential
Gram stain
Culture
Polarized microscopy examination for crystals
25
synovial fluid Collected by ___
needle aspiration (arthrocentesis)
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Amount of fluid present varies with __ (2)
joint size &
degree of fluid build up in the joint
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sx collection and handling
_____ collected should be recorded
Volume of liquid
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does normal SF clot or not?
- Normal synovial fluid does not clot
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Fluid is usually collected in a __ moistened with heparin
syringe
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Fluid is usually collected in a syringe moistened with __
heparin
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Sufficient fluid is distributed into 3 tubes
#1- sterile heparinized: microbiology lab
#2 – liquid EDTA tube: hematology lab
#3 – nonanticoagulated tube: other tests
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tube # 1 lab
microbio
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tube #2 lab
hema
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tube #3 lab
*other tests
35
tube #1 contains what type of specimen
sterile heparinized
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tube #2 contains what type of specimen
liquid EDTA tube
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tube #3 contains what type of specimen
nonanticoagulated
38
Powdered coagulants should not be used because they may produce ___ that will interfere with crystal analyses
artifacts
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____ should not be used because they may produce artifacts that will interfere with crystal analyses
Powdered coagulants
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artifacts interfere with what analysis
crystal
41
All testing should be done as soon as possible to
prevent (2)
cellular lysis & possible changes in crystals
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Appearance & Viscosity
Normal - ?
Milky – presence of crystals
clear & pale yellow
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Deeper yellow -
presence of inflammation
44
Greenish
bacterial infection
45
Turbidity (3)
presence of WBCs
synovial cell debris
fibrin
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Milky
presence of crystals
47
property of SF essential for proper lubrication
viscosity
48
viscosity caused by __ of hyaluronic acid
polymerization
49
condition which decreases viscosity
arthritis
50
simplest method to measure viscosity is the ______
ability of the fluid to form a string from the tip of a syringe
51
Normal string measures ?? cm
4 to 6cm
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used to measure the degree of hyaluronate
polymerization aside from the string test
Ropes, or Mucin Clot Tests
53
in the mucin clot test, normal synovial test is added to a solution of __
2-5% acetic acid
54
normal result in the mucin clot test
solid clot
surrounded by clear fluid
55
Synovial fluid lactate
- provide rapid differentiation between _____
inflammatory & septic arthritis
56
> 250 mg/dl lactate levels is seen in what types of arthritis
septic, rheumatoid
57
serologic test is used for diagnosis of ____
joint disorders
58
Rheumatoid arthritis &lupus erythromatosus are diagnosed by demonstrating WHAT
the presence of their particular antibodies in the patient’s serum
59