CNS Antibiotics Flashcards Preview

Neuro Final Review > CNS Antibiotics > Flashcards

Flashcards in CNS Antibiotics Deck (41)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

Ceftatriaxone and Vancomycin

2
Q

Definitive and prophylactic treatment of neisseria meningitis?

A

Ceftatriaxone

3
Q

If a 20 year old patient is being treated for meningitis, but has a beta-lactam allergy. What should you treat them with?

A

Aztreonam and Vancomycin

4
Q

Why can Rifampin sometimes interfere with other drugs?

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase increase P-450 levels.

Can decrease activity of other drugs

5
Q

What do you treat listeria monocytogenes meningitis with?

A

Gentamicin and Ampicillin

(unless you’re pregnant

6
Q

How does Gentamicin work?

aminoglycosides

A

30S protein synthesis inhibitor

7
Q

What kinds of drugs can lead to increase risk of seizures due to binding of GABA receptors?

A

Penicillin (beta lactam antibiotics)

8
Q

What is acyclovir’s mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase through chain termination

9
Q

What is gancyclovir’s mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase through chain termination

10
Q

Penicillin treats gram + or gram - ?

A

Gram + only

11
Q

What is used to treat intrapartum streptococcus agalactiae prophylactically?(Group B Strep)

A

Penicillin

12
Q

How would you treat viral meningitis of CMV?

A

Gancyclovir

13
Q

How would you treat viral meningitis of HSV-1?

A

Acyclovir

14
Q

How would you treat latent HSV-1 infection?

A

You can’t treat it until it is active

15
Q

How would you treat viral meningitis of HSV-2?

A

Acyclovir

16
Q

How do you empirically treat bacterial brain abscess infections?

A

Ceftatriaxone and metronidazole

17
Q

If you are treating an ear or sinus infection with amoxicillin and you suspect the pathogen has beta lactamase, what should you do?

A

Add clavulanate to inactivate degradation by beta lactamases

18
Q

How do you treat Neisseria Gonorrhea conjunctivitis?

A

Ceftatriaxone

19
Q

Best treatment for otitis media and sinusitis?

A

Amoxicillin

20
Q

What medication is great for gram + bacteria, including MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

21
Q

What drug would you use topically for HSV keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Trifluridine

22
Q

Vancomycin Mechanism of action?

A

Cell wall inhibitor.

bloacks trans-peptidation rxn

23
Q

What drug would you prophylactically use against Hemophilus Influenza Type B?
(meningococcal)

A

Rifampin

24
Q

Aminoglycoside (like Gentamicin) adverse effect?

A

ototoxicity

25
Q

What drugs would you use for mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis?
Their mechanisms?

Why a cocktail?

A

Rifampin - inhibits DNA/RNA polymerases
Isoniazid - Mycolic Acid Inhibitor
Pyrazinamide - unknown
Ethambutol - Cell wall inhibitor (thru arabiosyl transferase)

Lots of problems with MDR-Tb

26
Q

What kind of drug is Foscarnet?

What can you use it against?

A
  • Antiviral - binds to viral polymerases

- Use on CMV

27
Q

Candida otitis externa can be treated by?

A

fluconazole

28
Q

How does fluconazole work?

A

Decreases ergosterol synthesis in fungi

29
Q

How does amphotericin B work?

A

Pokes holes in plasma membrane of fungi

30
Q

How does Flucytosine work?

A

DNA synthesis inhibitor of fungi

31
Q

How would you treat any of these infections?

Taenia solium- cysticercosis, Echinococcus granulosis, Toxocara cati

A

Use abendazole

these are round worms and tape worms

32
Q

How would you treat a cryptococcus infection?

A

Combine flucytosine and amphotericin B

33
Q

Possible adverse effect of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotixicity

34
Q

What medications can you use to treat stage 2 Trypanosoma brucei infection?

A

Melarsaprol and eflornithine

35
Q

What medications would you use on stage 1 trypanosoma brucei infection?

A

Pantamidine
OR
Suramin (very toxic)

36
Q

Mechanism of Pentamidine

A

Binds to minor groove of DNA

37
Q

How does eflornithine work?

A

Ornithine carboxylase inhibitor

38
Q

Mechanism of nifurtimox?

A

Oxidative stress

39
Q

What do you treat tryapnosoma cruzei with?

A

Nifurtimox

40
Q

How do you treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Sulfatiazine and Pyrimethamine combo

41
Q

What two options can you use to treat leishmania?

A

Sodium stibogluconate & Meglumine antimoniate
OR
Miltefosine