CNS Arterial Supply

Question 1

Basilar artery bifurcates into _____ at midbrain.

Answer 1

2 PCAs

Question 2

Before it bifurcates the Basilar artery gives off ____ & ____

Answer 2

AICA & SCA

Question 3

What does AICA supply?

Answer 3

Anterior portions of inferior cerebellum, like flocculus & caudal pons

Question 4

What does SCA supply?

Answer 4

Supplies superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain, rostral pons

Question 5

What does does the Vertebral-Basiliar system supply?

Answer 5

Brainstem & cerebellum

Question 6

Vertebral arteries run along lateral medulla & fuse to basilar artery at _____

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

Prior to fusing with the basilar artery each gives rise to …

Answer 7

Posterior spinal artery, anterior spinal artery, PICA

Question 8

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

Answer 8

posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

Question 9

What do the anterior spinal arteries supply?

Answer 9

They join in the midline resulting in a single artery that supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

Question 10

The circle of willis connects ___ & ___, via _____

Answer 10

IC & Vertebral-Basiliar system, via Pcomm

Question 11

What connects the right and left sides of the circle of willis?

Answer 11

Acomm

Question 12

What is the path of Pcomm?

Answer 12

It passes posteriorly, inferior to the optic tract towards the cerebral peduncle and joins PCA, which is part of the vertebral system

Question 13

What is the path of the internal carotid arteries?

Answer 13

Ascends neck, traverses petrous temporal bone, goes thru cavernous sinus, ophthalmic artery branches off as IC enters subarachnoid space, then IC travels along the optic chasm

Question 14

IC bifurcates into ___ & ____

Answer 14

Middle & Anterior Cerebral Arteries

Question 15

Prior to the bifurcation of the IC it gives off ____ & _____

Answer 15

anterior chorodial artery & Pcomm

Question 16

___ ___ artery is long & thin, and clinically significant in strokes

Answer 16

anterior choroidal artery

Question 17

What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

Answer 17

optic tract, choroid plexis in temporal horn of lateral ventricle, internal capsule, thalamus, hippocampus, sometimes cerebral peduncle

Question 18

_______ run laterally into lateral sulcus & divides into many branches

Answer 18

Middle cerebral artery

Question 19

What is the path of the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 19

It runs medially and enters the longitudinal fissure, then it arches posteriorly & follows corpus callosum

Question 20

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

medial parts of frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

What connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries?

Answer 21

the anterior communicating branch

Question 22

What are lenticulostriate arteries?

Answer 22

Perforating arteries from MCA

Question 23

Perforating arteries are numerous around what structures?

Answer 23

optic chiasm, between cerebral peduncles, anterior & posterior perforated substance

Question 24

What do perforating arteries supply?

Answer 24

basal ganglia, thalamus, & internal capsule

Question 25

Perforating arteries arise from ____ at the _____

Answer 25

all arteries, at the base of the brain

Question 26

True or false: Perforating arteries can be involved in strokes & cause neurologic deficits out of proportion to their size.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which two pairs of vessels supply much of the brain & spinal cord?

Answer 27

internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries

Question 28

Define blood-brain barrier

Answer 28

Anatomic & physiologic barrier that controls movement of materials from extracellular fluid of body to extracellular fluid of brain

Question 29

The blood-brain barrier includes . . .

Answer 29

arachnoid, endothelial tight junctions & lack of pinocytic vesicles

Question 30

____ soluble substances go thru the blood-brain barrier

Answer 30

Lipid

Question 31

Glucose crosses the blood-brain barrier by _____

Answer 31

facilitated diffusion

Question 32

Other substances cross the blood-brain barrier by ____

Answer 32

active transport

Question 33

Define circumventricular organs

Answer 33

Areas where cerebral capillaries are fenestrated allowing open communication between blood & brain extracellular fluid

Question 34

Where are circumventricular organs located?

Answer 34

around 3rd & 4th ventricles

Question 35

What are the functions of circumventricular organs?

Answer 35

some have sensory functions that monitor CSF composition others release hormones from neuronal endings into the blood

Question 36

What are tancytes?

Answer 36

specialized ependymal cells that overlie the ventricular surface of circumventricular organs

Question 37

What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?

Answer 37

medial & inferior surfaces of temporal & occipital lobes, rostral midbrain & posterior diencephalon