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Weeks 7-11 > CNS Stimulants > Flashcards

CNS Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Name a short-acting respiratory stimulant used in respiratory failure

A

Doxapram

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2
Q

Which receptors does strychnine block?

A

Glycine

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3
Q

What is the clinical use of strychnine?

A

In small doses can improve visual and auditory acuity

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4
Q

Where is serotonin released from?

A

Raphe nucleus

Locus coeruleus

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5
Q

What are the main effects of hallucinogens?

A 
Alter perception of sights and sounds
Hallucinations 
Sound perceived as visions 
Thought processes illogical and disconnected
Flashbacks
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6
Q

Name 4 hallucinogens

A

LSD
Psilocybin
Mescaline
MDMA

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7
Q

What are the risks associated with hallucinogens?

A

Risk of injury or accidental death
Poisoning due to mistaken identity (mushrooms)
Adrenergic effects with LSD
GI effects with psilocybin

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8
Q

Name 2 dissociative anaesthetics

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Ketamine

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9
Q

Which receptors do dissociative anaesthetics antagonise?

A

NMDA

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10
Q

What are the risks associated with PCP use?

A

Hyperthermia

Convulsions

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11
Q

What are the risks with ketamine?

A

Heart attack

Respiratory failure

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12
Q

Name 3 psychomotor stimulants

A

Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Methylamphetamine

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13
Q

What are the main effects of psychomotor stimulants?

A 
Locomotor stimulation 
Euphoria and excitement 
Anorexia
Insomnia 
Stereotypic behaviour
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14
Q

What are the behaviour effects of amphetamines?

A

Confidence, hyperactivity, talkative
Sex drive enhanced
Fatigue reduced
Increased concentration

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15
Q

What is the mode of action of amphetamine?

A

Competitive inhibitors of monamine uptake
Dispace monoamines from vesicles into cytoplasm
Inhibit MAO at high concentrations
Cause NET to work in reverse

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16
Q

What are the dopamine pathways in the brain

A

Nigrostrial
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical
Tuberohypophyseal

17
Q

Which effects of amphetamines develop rapid tolerance?

A

Euphoric

Anorexic

18
Q

What is amphetamine psychosis?

A

Occurs if taken over several days
Almost indistinguishable from an acute schizophrenic attack
After cessation, period of deep sleep followed by lethargy, depression, anxiety and hunger

19
Q

What is Khat?

A

Amphetamine like stimulant

Contains cathinone

20
Q

What plant does cocaine come from?

A

Erythroxylum Coca

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?

A

Potent inhibitor of catecholamine uptake into nerve terminals, especially dopamine

22
Q

What are the acute risks associated with cocaine?

A

Heart attack, stroke, VF
Muscle spasms, tremor
Hyperthermia
Seizures, headaches, excited delerium

23
Q

What are methylxanthines?

A

CNS stimulant found in tea and coffee

24
Q

Name 2 methylxanthines

A

Caffeine

Theophylline

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines?

A

Inhibit cAMP/cGMP phosphoesterases

Block purine receptors (adenosine)

Weeks 7-11 (22 decks)

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