CO105

Question 1

What causes an aircraft to stall? What are some indications of a stall?

Answer 1

Exceeding the stall (critical) AOA. Stall indications are stalled AOA, stick shaker/buffet, and loss of control effectiveness in order of ailerons, elevator, and rudder.

Question 2

What pitch and power settings are used to enter a power-on stall? When do you recover?

Answer 2

15-30° nose-low, 30-40° nose-high, and 30-60% torque. Use 20-30° of bank, if turning. Recover when you get unplanned nose drop and uncommanded rolling motion.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the traffic pattern stall series? When do you recover from a traffic pattern stall?

Answer 3

a. Purpose of traffic pattern stall series is to teach early recognition and proper recovery.
b. Recover at the approach-to-stall indication.

Question 4

What are the entry procedures for a break stall recovery? (simulator only)

Answer 4

a. Set power to maintain 200 KIAS
b. Retard PCL to 10% torque and roll into 60º bank turn
c. Increase bank and back pressure until approach-to-stall indication is recognized

Question 5

What are the recovery procedures for an undershooting (nose-high) final turn stall?

Answer 5

Simultaneously:

a. Reduce back stick pressure to decrease AOA
b. Advance PCL to MAX
c. Use coordinated rudder and ailerons to level the wings
d. Minimize altitude loss
e. Safely regain aircraft control and establish a positive climb

Question 6

What are the entry procedures for an overshooting (nose-low) final turn stall?

Answer 6

a. Configure and establish 120 KIAS
b. Initiate normal final turn
c. Increase bank, backpressure, and retard PCL to IDLE
d. Continue turn until approach-to-stall indication

Question 7

What are the entry procedures for a landing attitude stall?

Answer 7

a. Establish a simulated final approach at 5 to 10 knots above final approach airspeed commensurate with flap setting
b. Reduce power to IDLE
c. Execute normal roundout
d. Hold landing attitude until approach-to-stall indication.

Question 8

What is the entry procedure for the closed pullup stall? (simulator only)

Answer 8

a. Establish 140 KIAS

b. Roll and pull to simulate over-aggressive closed pattern until the approach-to-stall indication is recognized

Question 9

What is the primary cause of decaying airspeed in the emergency landing pattern?

Answer 9

Poor glide attitude control due to

a. Pilot distraction with emergency situation
b. Runway fixation

Question 10

What is inverted flight?

Answer 10

Any flight condition with greater than 90° of pitch or bank, may be in level flight, nose-high, or nose-low

Question 11

Describe flight conditions that require a nose-low recovery.

Answer 11

a. Nose too far below the horizon to safely continue the maneuver
b. Nose below the horizon with too much airspeed to safely continue the maneuver
c. Present maneuver will take you out of the bottom of your assigned airspace or into clouds
d. Aircraft malfunction

Question 12

Which way do you roll during a nose-low recovery?

Answer 12

Roll in the shortest direction upright toward the most sky

Question 13

Describe some situations that would require a nose-high recovery.

Answer 13

a. Insufficient airspeed to continue the maneuver
b. Disoriented
c. Present maneuver will take you out of the top of your assigned airspace or into clouds
d. Aircraft malfunction

Question 14

Under what conditions should you perform an out-of-control flight recovery?

Answer 14

a. Low/rapidly dissipating airspeed
1) Stick shaker vibration
2) Aircraft buffeting
b. Disorienting nose-high situations

Question 15

What causes an out-of-control flight (OCF) condition? What are the types of OCF?

Answer 15

a. Stall combined with yaw which results in the aircraft not responding properly to control inputs
b. Types of OCF
1) Poststall gyrations
2) Incipient spins
3) Steady-state spins

Question 16

What are the indications of a poststall gyration?

Answer 16

a. Loss of control effectiveness
b. Stalled or near-stalled AOA with stick shaker activated
c. Transient or erratic airspeed indications
d. Random turn needle indications

Question 17

What is an incipient spin? What cockpit indication can you use to confirm that the aircraft is in an incipient spin rather than a poststall gyration?

Answer 17

a. Incipient spin is the transition from a poststall gyration to a steady state spin.
b. Turn needle fully deflected in the direction of rotation

Question 18

What maneuvers are prohibited in the T-6A?

Answer 18

a. Inverted stalls
b. Inverted spins
c. Aggravated spins past two turns
d. Spins with PCL above IDLE
e. Spins with landing gear, flaps or speed brake extended
f. Spins with PMU off
g. Spins below 10,000 feet pressure altitude
h. Spins above 22,000 feet pressure altitude
i. Abrupt cross-controlled (snap) maneuvers
j. Aerobatic maneuvers, spins, or stalls with a fuel imbalance greater than 50 pounds between wings
k. Tail slides

Question 19

When is the PCL set to IDLE during a practice OCF entry?

Answer 19

Prior to applying rudder

Question 20

For both practice and inadvertent OCF entries, what should you check before performing the recovery procedure?

Answer 20

AOA, turn needle, and airspeed

Question 21

What are the indications of a steady-state erect spin?

Answer 21

a. Sustained yaw rate
b. AOA at or above 18 units, with stick shaker
c. Turn needle fully deflected in direction of spin
d. Approximately 60º nose low
e. 2 to 3 seconds per turn
f. VSI pegged at 6000 fpm descent (400 to 500 feet per turn)
g. Airspeed stabilized at 120 – 135 KIAS

Question 22

What is the entry procedure for a practice erect spin?

Answer 22

a. Clear the area above and below the aircraft
b. Ensure proper altitude and cloud clearances
c. Complete pre-stalling, spinning and aerobatic checks
d. Reduce power to idle and gradually increase pitch to maintain level-to-slightly-climbing 1 G flight
e. At spin entry airspeed (approximately 80 KIAS): Smoothly apply back stick to maintain pitch attitude / Apply full rudder in desired spin direction
f. Pitch attitude at entry should be approximately 15 to 40 degrees nose high
g. Make sure to use full stick and rudder travel
h. Hold controls firmly against stops with ailerons neutral

Question 23

What are the characteristics of an inverted spin?

Answer 23

a. 30° nose low
b. Zero units AOA
c. Turn needle fully deflected
d. Airspeed 40 KIAS
e. –1.5 Gs on accelerometer

Question 24

What is the inverted spin recovery procedure?

Answer 24

a. Gear, flaps and speed brake – Retracted
b. PCL – IDLE
c. Rudder – Full opposite to turn needle deflection
d. Control Stick – Aft of neutral with ailerons neutral (full aft stick may be used)
e. Smoothly recover to level flight after rotation stops

Question 25

How can you determine that you are in a spiral instead of a steady-state spin? How do you recover from a spiral?

Answer 25

a. AOA will not indicate a stall and airspeed steadily increases in a spiral.
b. Execute Inadvertent Departure from Controlled Flight boldface
c. Ejection recommended if encountering spiral below 6000 feet AGL and recovery not imminent

Question 26

What are some reasons to remain within assigned airspace?

Answer 26

a. Regulatory – Complies with ATC clearance or course rules
b. Safety – Minimizes traffic conflicts
c. Airmanship – Develops in-flight planning and situational awareness skills

Question 27

The T-6A will gain approximately 50 KIAS per 1000 feet of altitude with the PCL at MAX in a _______ dive.

Answer 27

a. 10°

b. Use this rule to determine how the aircraft’s total external energy state changes

Question 28

What are the three energy classifications for maneuvers and give an example maneuver for each category?

Answer 28

a. Energy gainers – Power-on stalls
b. Energy neutral – Slow flight
c. Energy loser – Traffic pattern stalls

Question 29

What is the basic working energy level for area maneuvering in a T-6A? What does it allow you to do in the area?

Answer 29

a. Middle of the altitude block and 180-200 KIAS

b. Allows you to set up and perform any permissible maneuver and remain within the working area altitude block

Question 30

What principle is used to develop an area profile before flight?

Answer 30

The principle of energy management

a. Initial profile development is based on planned working area, entry, required maneuvers, and area exit
b. Area profiles should allow smooth maneuver flow while maintaining the working energy level

Question 31

What things do you need to know to maintain area orientation?

Answer 31

a. Where you are
b. Area boundaries
c. Flight paths and energy characteristics of planned maneuvers
d. Winds at altitude

Question 32

What are the recovery procedures for a power-on stall?

Answer 32

a. Simultaneously:
1) Use stick forces as necessary to reduce AOA
2) Smoothly advance PCL to maximum
3) Apply coordinated rudder and aileron to level wings
b. As flying speed and positive control pressure is regained recover with minimum altitude loss without encountering a secondary stall
c. The maneuver is complete when a positive climb is established

Question 33

How do you recover from an approach to stall while configured and on final in the traffic pattern?

Answer 33

Simultaneously:

a. Reduce back stick pressure
b. Apply full power
c. Maintain normal landing/TO picture until positively and safely climbing
d. Anticipate the aircraft settling to the runway before recovery and a positive climb is achieved

Question 34

What is the airspeed range for practice slow flight?

Answer 34

80 – 85 KIAS (FLAPS LANDING)

Question 35

What are the procedures for a nose-high recovery?

Answer 35

a. Advance the PCL to MAX and roll and pull to nearest horizon without stalling
b. Return to straight-and-level flight as the aircraft approaches the horizon with safe flying airspeed

Question 36

How do you perform a nose-low recovery?

Answer 36

a. Reduce power and extend the speed brake, as required
b. Roll in the shortest direction to wings level.
c. Apply back stick pressure to obtain level flight.

Question 37

Which way do you roll during an inverted recovery?

Answer 37

Roll in the shortest direction upright toward the most sky.

Question 38

How do you position the control stick and rudder to stop the rotation in an incipient spin?

Answer 38

Neutralize both the stick and rudder as required by the OCF recovery procedure.

Question 39

What are the differences in cockpit instrument indications between an erect and an inverted spin?

Answer 39

a. Erect spin
1) AOA at or above 18 units, with stick shaker activated
2) Stabilized airspeed 120 – 135 KIAS
3) Positive Gs indicated on the accelerometer
4) Pitch approximately 60º nose low
b. Inverted spin
1) AOA indicates zero
2) Airspeed 40 KIAS
3) Negative Gs indicated on the accelerometer (-1.5 Gs)
4) Pitch approximately 30º nose low

Question 40

How can you determine that you are in a spiral instead of a spin?

Answer 40

In a spiral AOA will not indicate a stall and airspeed will be steadily increasing.

Question 41

What is the entry power setting for a stability demonstration?

Answer 41

60% torque

Question 42

What is the working energy level for an area with a floor of 10,000 feet MSL and a ceiling of 16,000 feet MSL?

Answer 42

13,000 MSL and 180-200 KIAS

Question 43

You entered a maneuver at 12,000 feet MSL and 230 KIAS and completed it at 14,000 feet MSL and 110 KIAS. Did this maneuver gain, maintain, or lose energy?

Answer 43

Lost 20 KIAS or 400 feet of energy.

a. 12,000 MSL/230 KIAS is equivalent to 14,000/130 KIAS
b. 20 KIAS is worth 400 feet using the T-6A energy trade rule

Question 44

You are entering a working area at the top of its altitude block and 200 KIAS. What energy category maneuver would you do first to get to the middle of the altitude block?

Answer 44

Energy losing