Cocaine

Question 1

true or false - psychostimulants and stimulants are the same

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true or false - psychoactive drugs produce a decrease in mental function

Answer 2

false - increase

Question 3

what are four psychostimulants

Answer 3

cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine

Question 4

where is the pscyhoactive alkaloid isolated from

Answer 4

coco shrub

Question 5

what is the best way to administer psychoactive drugs to get the best effects and why

Answer 5

oral -> when you chew the leaves with lime then it reduces the hydrolysis -> more effects

Question 6

what was something you could drink that has the cocaine hit without alcohol

Answer 6

coca cola

Question 7

what is the harrison act

Answer 7

all narcotics given out have to be through prescription

Question 8

what is mariani wine

Answer 8

it is cocaine + wine concotion

Question 9

true or false - crack cocaine is considered as an epidemic

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are the 3 ways cocaine can be given

Answer 10

oral , intranasal or IV

Question 11

cocaine can be recrystallized as a _______

Answer 11

free base

Question 12

crack cocaine can be made by heating cocaine with _______

Answer 12

baking soda

Question 13

how is crack cocaine and free base cocaine delivered

Answer 13

inhalation

Question 14

how is illicit cocaine purified

Answer 14

leaves are chopped and mixed with lime or cement and then left to soak for 24 hours -> pressed to create a crude extract

Question 15

how is free base cocaine purified

Answer 15

extracted by neutralization with an acid -> precipitated with NaOH -> dried paste is made with 60% pure cocaine

Question 16

true or false - IV cocaine lasts a long time

Answer 16

false - enters quick but does not last long

Question 17

true or false - cocaine thru intranasal takes long time to enter and stays long time

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what are the two administrations for rapid access ways to the CNS

Answer 18

inhalation and intranasal

Question 19

how is cocaine metabolized (what enzyme)

Answer 19

esterases -> CYP450 in liver

Question 20

what is cocaethylene

Answer 20

active metabolite made in the presence of alcohol -> greater cardiotoxic effects

Question 21

what is methylecgonidine

Answer 21

produced by heating of cocaine and can be found in urine

Question 22

true or false - cocaine is hydrophillic

Answer 22

false - it is amphipathic

Question 23

true or false - cocaine can pass BBB

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what are 5 effects of cocaine

Answer 24

insomnia, inflated self esteem, anorexia, psychosis and increased HR

Question 25

what are two subjective effects of cocoaine

Answer 25

euphoria and dysphoria

Question 26

true or false - cocaine administration results in locomotor hyperactivity

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what are common stereotyped behaviors

Answer 27

bobbing, pacing, excess grooming

Question 28

do animals self administer cocaine

Answer 28

yes to the point of anorexia and death

Question 29

how can you tell rodents are intoxicated

Answer 29

by hyperactivity

Question 30

true or false - cocaine is a SSRI

Answer 30

false - it is an SNDRI (serotonin, NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor)

Question 31

cocaine blocks what transporter

Answer 31

DAT

Question 32

cocaine blocks __ channels and can be used as a _______ in humans

Answer 32

Na / topical anaesthetic

Question 33

how does cocaine decrease monoamine synthesis

Answer 33

through presynaptic autoreceptors

Question 34

cocaine tolerance develops _____ and ______

Answer 34

acutely and transiently

Question 35

true or false - intermittent use produces tolerance

Answer 35

false - sensitization

Question 36

in animal models, continuos infusion results in______

Answer 36

tolerance to effects

Question 37

true or false - both humans and animals show cross sensitization to other stimulants

Answer 37

true

Question 38

does withdrawal to cocaine have serious effects

Answer 38

no

Question 39

what are the three phases of binge users

Answer 39

1. crash 2. withdrawal 3. extinction

Question 40

what are some acute withdrawal effects

Answer 40

dysphoria, strong craving, fatigue, prolonged sleep and hyperphagia

Question 41

which phase does dysphoric syndrome occur

Answer 41

withdrawal

Question 42

what is dysphoric syndrome

Answer 42

boredom, anxiety and increased craving

Question 43

how is overdose treated

Answer 43

administers a sedative (benzo) to decrease HR and BP -> use of ice