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Flashcards in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Deck (25)
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1
Q

Any therapy that is based on the belief….

A

that our thoughts and/or behaviors are directly connected to how we feel. Dysfunctional or inaccurate thinking leads to dysfunctional emotions or behaviors. Changing thoughts = changing how we feel and what we do

2
Q

2 assumptions

A

client is capable of becoming aware of own thoughts/behaviors and of changing them; sometimes the thoughts are distorted or fail to reflect reality accurately

3
Q

Goal is

A

to help client become aware of thought distortions, which are causing distress, and of behavioral patterns that reinforce it, and to correct them.

4
Q

Role of therapist

A

work with client to solve present day problems by helping them identify distorted thinking that causes emotional discomfort.

5
Q

Little emphasis…

A

on historical root of problems. Issues in past are only relevant if influencing current thinking.

6
Q

Scientific method approach….

A

understanding and testing thoughts/behaviors.

7
Q

Characteristics

A

collaborative relationship between client and therapist; homework between sessions; tends to be short duration; assertiveness exercises; role playing.

8
Q

Best for…

A

clients who are comfortable with self-exploration and a scientific approach; helpful to clients suffering from depression, anxiety, panic, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

9
Q

Self-report symptom inventories

A

assess baseline functioning & therapeutic progress; gives insight into way client thinks and behaves & important areas of need; depression & anxiety inventories

10
Q

Problem lists

A

identifying psychological, social, occupational, and financial difficulties faced by clients; elicit 5 - 10 using open-ended questions; symptom frequency, intensity, and functional impact; as specific as possible

11
Q

Assessing cognitions

A

how does client perceive him/herself, others and the future

12
Q

ABC model (behavioral component of therapy)

A

Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences - examine behavior (symptoms) in a larger context; behaviors are largely determined by antecedents (events that come before behavior/thought/mood, might trigger a specific reaction) and consequences (events that follow behavior/thought/mood, and direct person to either continue or discontinue behavior)

13
Q

Antecedents

A

before behavior; typically elicit emotional and physiological responses; can increase or decrease an behavior - can be affective (an emotion), somatic (physiological); behavioral (an act), cognitive (a thought), contextual (situational), relational (interpersonal)

14
Q

Behaviors

A

anything the client does, feels, or thinks immediately after the antecedent; can include affective component (feelings or mood), somatic component (bodily sensation), behavioral component (what person does or doesn’t do), and cognitive component (thoughts or beliefs)

15
Q

Consequences

A

positive consequences increase chances that a behavior will be repeated, either through experience of something pleasant or the removal of something negative; negative consequences decrease the occurrence of a behavior, either by the presence of something noxious or the absence of something desired; short-term and long-term consequences; same components as antecedents

16
Q

4 layers of cognitive dysfunction

A
  1. automatic thoughts - brief stream of thought about ourselves or others, apply to specific situations/events, occur quickly, often unaware, can be distorted reflections of a situation; 2. intermediate beliefs - assumption, attitude or rule a person follows that typically apply across situations (about him/herself, others, future, world), often stated as conditional rules - if x, then y; 3. core beliefs - significant beliefs about ourselves that drive dysfunctional rules and automatic thoughts, e.g. I am unlovable, either interpersonal or achievement related, start as child and solidify as a result of one’s perceptions of experiences (store evidence that support them, reject evidence to contradict them); targeting automatic thoughts may also change underlying beliefs; 4. schemas - cognitive structures in the mind that integrate the core beliefs
17
Q

situation-thought-feeling triangle

A

most people believe situations/events cause their feelings; cognitive model suggest that it is the thoughts we have about situations that give rise to emotions.

18
Q

Identifying automatic thoughts

A

Questioning - what was going through your mind at that moment? or what is going through your mind right now (when noticing nonverbal cues of emotion change)? Take client back - ask to describe specific situation in more details, using imagery

19
Q

11 cognitive distortions or thinking errors

A
  1. all or nothing thinking - one extreme or another 2. catastrophizing - predicting only negative outcomes for the future 3. disqualifying or discounting the positive - good things that happen don’t count 4. emotional reasoning - feelings overrule facts to the contrary 5. labeling - giving a label without finding out more about it 6. magnification/minimization - emphasizing the negative/downplaying the positive in a situation 7. mental filter/tunnel vision - seeing only the negatives of a situation 8. mind reading - believing you know what others are thinking 9. overgeneralization - overall negative conclusion about current situation 10. personalization - thinking negative behavior of others has something to do with you 11. should & must statements - concrete idea how people should behave
20
Q

Dysfunctional thought record

A

particular situation - identify thoughts & distortions, rate believability - identify feelings, rate intensity (socratic questioning to identify thoughts/feelings and any hot thoughts, open-ended, non-judgmental) - evidence that thought is true - evidence that thought is not true (if true, what is worst/best thing that could happen; what would I tell a loved one if they had these thoughts?) - alternative (more balanced) way of thinking about the situation, rate believability of new thought and rate original mood with new thought

21
Q

behavioral activation or increasing pleasant activities

A
  1. re-introducing prior pleasant activities 2. introducing new pleasant activities 3. active coping - some form of behavior/action to alleviate/reduce life stressor but not pleasant activity, usually involves accomplishing something or overcoming avoidance
22
Q

Problem solving

A

when the root of an issue is a changeable situation, and the thoughts associated with the situation may be accurate

23
Q

SOLVED

A

S - select a problem that client wants to solve; O - open your mind to all solutions (what advice would you give someone else with this problem, examine ways you’ve handled a similar situation; consult with close friend or relative); L - list potential pros and cons of each potential solution; V - verify best solution; E - enact the plan & carry out the solution (break into steps); D - decide if the plan worked

24
Q

Relaxation

A

alleviate stress, anxiety, worry, tension; generate increased self-efficacy, perceived control over stress, and improved coping; can focus on physical sensations or changes in thoughts; progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, imagery

25
Q

Beck’s cognitive triad to trigger depression

A

negative view of self + mental filter/tunnel vision + catastrophizing