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Flashcards in Cold war important onesx Deck (12)
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1
Q

What was the crisis in Greece in 1947?

A

The British supported Greek Royalist gov’ was under threat frompowerful communist groups. The British could no longer afford it, so the USA spent $400 million defeating communism, illustrating commitment and determination.

2
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

It was a plan instagated in 1947 to rebuild shattered econimies of Europe, and lessen economic hardship, reducing the appeal of communism. The USA commited nearly $13 billion to the plan.

3
Q

What was ‘De-Stalinisation’?

A

It was the new policy of Krushchev, with reforms and calling for ‘peaceful coexistence’ with the West. Travel restrictions were lifted and in 1956 the USSR returned land to Finland.

4
Q

What summits concerned the issue of Berlin?

A

At the Geneva summit in 1959, and the Camp David summit the leaders were unable to make progress. In Geniva, 1961, Khrushchev threatened Kennedy to remove troops from Berlin or war. He backed down when Kennedy refused.

5
Q

What was the effect of the U2 incident?

A

The Soviets used the incedent to expose the American spying programme, who were caught lying (propaganda victory for East). However, Eisenhower’s refusal to apologise infuriated the Soviets who would not cooperate in the 1960 Paris summit.

6
Q

How did US’s perstistent presence in West Berlin lead to the Berlin Wall?

A

In the 1961 Geneva conference, Kennedy did not yeild to Khrushchev’s threats of war, and kept American troops in Berlin, which was a centre for Western espoinage. Khruschev realised he could not force the USA out of Berlin.

7
Q

What was the effect of the Berlin Wall?

A

It effectively slowed the migration of workers, and as little as 5000 made it across, while 200 were killed trying to cross. It diffused the tension over the dispute between the USA and the USSR.

8
Q

What was the Cuban Revolution?

A

The revolution by Fidel Castro overthrew the pro-American cuban gov in 1959. It established a communist state. When the Americans banned Cuban sugar in the USA, Cuba turned to the USSR for help, and accepted economic aid.

9
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs incident?

A

Kennedy believed that Castro’s gov was unpopular, and sent a small force of Cuban refugees to the Bay of Pigs in 1961 to spark a revolution. However there turned out to be a lot of support for Castro, and the USA was defeated.

10
Q

What was an effect of the Bay of Pigs incident?

A

Castro, feeling venreable despite the victory asked Khrushchev to help defend Cuba. The USSR begins to supply Cuba with equipment, military personell, and eventually nuclear missiles.

11
Q

Why did Khrushchev put missiles on Cuba?

A

To gain an advantage in the Arms Race. This would assure some protection or bargaining power over the USA. He also wanted to defend Cuba and to test the new and young Kennedy and score a diplomatic victory.

12
Q

What were the immidiate consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?

A

The tension relaxes as both sides realise the near disaster. A hotline is set up between Washington and Moscow (better communication), and the Limited Test Ban Treaty set up 1963 restricts nuclear testing.