Colonization And Complexity Across Atolls And High Islands Pt 2

Question 1

Critical Issues

Answer 1

1. Multiple colonizations
2. When?
3. High island vs. atoll adaptations
   3.1 From high islands to atolls
4. Regional interaction
5. Chiefdoms, ceremonial centers

Question 2

Latte Houses: Mariana Islands

Answer 2

1. See Oct 4 notes
2. Entirely made of reed walls with thatch roofs and inside timber, wrapped with coconut twine
3. Doorways go in sideways in order to protect occupants inside from intruders
4. Stones around outside loose so when walking towards house stones make noise so know when people are coming towards house

Question 3

US Territory of Guam (Guahan)

Answer 3

1. Colonized by the CHamoru people ca. 3500 years ago
   1.1 Older than Lapita
   1.2 Brown cause heavily deforested in WW2
2. Magellan came ashore in 1521
   2.1 After him, became a pitstop for other big ship voyages
3. Colonized by Spain in 1668
   3.1 Brought Catholicism (forced missionary)
   3.2 Huge impact on Guam
4. Occupied by the US after the Spanish American War in 1898
5. Invaded by Japan in 1941
   5.1 Saw Guam as important strategic point for WW2
6. Unincorporated organized territory of the US in 1950
   6.1 US citizens, but do not vote (Like US in infrastructure (street signs, law))
   6.2 CHamoru people seek sovereignty (Want US to leave and become own country run by their people)

Question 4

Republic of Palau (Belau)

Answer 4

1. 3000 years BP
2. Part of Spain in 1885
3. “Sold” to Germany in 1899
4. Compact Free Association with US since 1994
   4.1 US provides defense and funding (Built roads there so if need it can go there to bring tanks and land planes) (Not build hospitals or something like that)

Question 5

Post Colonization Palauan Transitions

Answer 5

1. Grand-scale topographic reworking
   1.1 Big mounds
   1.2 Big landscape alterations
2. Monoliths
   2.1 Large stone carved
3. Roads
   3.1 Connect in between points
   3.2 Suggest larger community hierarchically
4. Before covered in forests

Question 6

Fortifications, Agriculture, or Living Space?

Answer 6

1. Layers like platform mounds
2. 1600-1500 BP
   2.1 Dated (radiocarbon) ditches and crowns
   2.2 Defensive construction
3. 1200-800 BP
   3.1 Habitation deposits
   3.2 Sites used for habitation

Question 7

Excavation at Ngerbuns el Bad

Answer 7

1. Six skeletons recovered in 2021
2. Required by the elder clan of the nearby village
3. Woven mats with betel nuts placed them

Question 8

Chelechol ra Orrak

Answer 8

1. Quarry site and habitation
2. Skeletons indicate people had a marine-based diet
3. Evidence for betel nuts ca. 3000 BP
   3.1 In their teeth and betel nut produces red stain on teeth

Question 9

Betel nut chewing evidence!

Answer 9

1. 50 skeletons at Chelechol ra Orrak examined
2. 90% of adult teeth stained red
3. 70% have TMJ wear
   3.1 TMJ is a jaw locking thing
   3.2 Grind teeth to get it
4. (Also people decorate teeth with little incised marks to make designs) (Incisors and show up better when eat betel nut)

Question 10

Palauan Monoliths

Answer 10

1. Northern Babeldaob
2. Colonnade configuration
3. Stone head
4. Unknown age and function
   4.1 Meeting house?

Question 11

Palauan Stone Roads

Answer 11

1. Connect the village together
2. Paved, 2 meters wide
3. 500 BP
4. Long distance through the forest

Question 12

Historic Palauan Society

Answer 12

1. 500 BP: Villages established
2. King groups
   2.1 Matriarchy
3. Men’s societies
   3.1 Own social organizations
   3.2 Men’s house (Image in gable space of fish and ships and canoes and symbols of matriarchal clans)
4. Oral history and story-board recording
   4.1 Story board in ownership through families
   4.2 Elements related to story and then you recount story to descendants
5. Hot steam baths for the new mom! And dancing!
   5.1 When mom have baby period of isolation when taken care of by family and not meant to do work
   5.2 Put in steaming room with mats and massaged with oils and then comes out in traditional wear and does dance as “renewal”
   5.3 Yellow color is turmeric salve
   5.4 Giving gifts to celebrate new baby and her and focus on mom

Question 13

Stone Money

Answer 13

1. Carved in Palau and transported to Yap
2. Over 1000 kg
3. Social status indicator
4. Marriage gifts, debt
5. 1 m tall and disk with hole in middle
   5.1 Limestone
   5.2 Quarried out of particular quarry
   5.3 Old ones bigger than 1000 kg
   5.4 Currency for crime, and other things
   5.5 Receiver keeps it

Question 14

Logistics of Stone Money Transport

Answer 14

1. Quarrying in southern part of Palau
2. Transport to shoreline
3. Put on boats
4. NPR story on Stone Money