Common Anorectal Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Anal verge is:
A
anal opening/where cheeks come together
2
Q
Anatomical anal canal bounds?
A
dentate/pectinate line to anal verge
3
Q
Surgical anal canal bounds
A
anal verge to pelvic floor
4
Q
best place to take biopsy of rectum?
A
valve of houston
5
Q
Above the dentate line:
- lymphatics:
- Blood/venous supply:
- innervation
A
- inferior mesenteric and para aortic lymph nodes
- blood supply: Superior and middle hemorrhoidal a and v
- both PNS and SNS
6
Q
Below the dentate line:
- lymphatics:
- Blood/venous supply:
- innervation
A
- inguinal and internal iliac LNS
- blood supply: inferior hemorroidal (to internal pudendal a an v
- Somatic nervous system - pain perception
7
Q
Infection from which space can cause infection in peritoneal cavity and form pelvic abscess?
A
supralevator space
8
Q
How many valves of houston are there?
A
3
9
Q
The middle valve of houston is at what level?
A
peritoneal reflection
10
Q
Location of hemorrhoids as per surgeons?
A
- right anterior
- right poster
- left lateral
11
Q
3 components of hemorrhoids?
A
- blood vessels
- connective tissue
- smooth muscle
12
Q
Which muscles hold hemorrhoids in place?
A
Treitz’s muscles
13
Q
Classification of hemorrhoids:
A
- grade 1= internal buldge into anus without prolapse
- grade 2= internal prolapse during defecation, spontaneously reduce
- grade 3= internal prolapse requiring manual reduction
- grade 4= prolapsed and irreducible (stragulated)
14
Q
Hemorrhoids blood color?
A
bright red - arterial
15
Q
Red flags for colorectal malignancy:
A
- abdominal pain
- WL
- loss of appetite
- change in stool caliber
- increased constipation
- blood mixed with stool
