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Common Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Against which group of bacteria is Penicillin primarily effective?

A

Streptococci

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2
Q

What is Amoxicillin effective against?

A

Many Gram Positive and some Gram Negative bacteria

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3
Q

Name 2 indication for prescription of Amoxicillin

A

URTIs

Prophylaxis for Endocarditis

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4
Q

Against what is Flucloxacillin effective?

A

Staph (All MSSA) and Strep

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5
Q

Name an indication for Flucloxacillin prescription

A

Wound infections/Cellulitis

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6
Q

What co-factor is present in Co-Amoxiclav to overcome resistance?

A

B-Lactamase Inhibitor

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7
Q

Against what is Co-Amoxiclav effective?

A

Staph, Streph, Many Gram Pos., more Gram Neg. than Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, and Penicillin, and Anaerobes

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8
Q

List 4 indications for Co-Amoxiclav prescription

A

Non-pneumonic chest infections
HA Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Bites - Human or Animal

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9
Q

What co-factor is present in Piperacillin and Tazobactam to combat resistance?

A

B-Lactamase Inhibitor

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10
Q

against what are Piperacillin and Tazobactam effective?

A

Staph, Strep, Many Gram Pos., many Gram Neg. including Pseudomonas, and Anaerobes

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11
Q

In which class of antimicrobials do Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Flucloxacillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Piperacillin, and Tazobactam lie?

A

Penicillins (Cell wall cross-linking)

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12
Q

Against what is Ceftriaxone effective?

A

Many things - V. Broad Spectrum, though no Anaerobe activity

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13
Q

Name 3 indications for prescription of Ceftriaxone

A

Meningitis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Paediatric Pneumonia

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14
Q

What class of antimicrobials is Ceftriaxone in?

A

Cephalosporins

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15
Q

What is Meropenem effective against?

A

Incredibly broad spectrum, including anaerobes and most Gram Negs

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16
Q

Name an indication for prescription of Meropenem

A

Infective exacerbation of CF

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17
Q

Is Meropenem safe to use in Penicillin allergy?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Against what is Imipenem effective?

A

Incredibly broad spectrum, including anaerobes and most Gram Negs

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19
Q

Name an indication for Imiepenem

A

Sepsis with Penicillin allergy

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20
Q

What class of antimicrobials are Meropenem and Imipenem in?

A

Carbapenems

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21
Q

What is Vancomycin effective against?

A

Most Gram Pos.

NB Some Enterococci are resistant

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22
Q

List 4 indications for Vancomycin administration

A

Severe skin/soft-tissue infections with penicillin allergy
Central Venous Line Sepsis
MRSA Prophylaxis
C. Difficile

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23
Q

How is Vancomycin administered?

A

Must be IV unless fr C. Diff

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24
Q

Against what is Teicoplanin effective?

A

Most Gram Pos.

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25
Why might you use Teicoplanin?
If patient has vancomycin indications but is allergic to Vancomycin
26
In what class of antimicrobials do Vancomycin and Teicoplanin fall?
Glycopeptides (Cell wall synthesis)
27
What is Tetracycline effective against?
``` Broad Spectrum - Usually Gram Pos Atypical neumonic Pathogens Chlamydia Some Protozoa ```
28
List 4 indications for Tetracycline use
Non-pneumonic chest infections Skin/soft-tissue infection with penicillin allergy Chalmydia Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
29
To whom must one not give Tetracycline?
Children under the age of 12
30
Can Tetracycline be used in Penicillin allergy?
Yes
31
Can Amoxicillin be used in penicillin allergy?
No
32
Against what is Doxycycline effective?
``` Broad Spectrum - Usually Gram Pos Atypical neumonic Pathogens Chlamydia Some Protozoa ```
33
List 4 indications for Doxycycline use
Non-pneumonic chest infections Skin/soft-tissue infection with penicillin allergy Chalmydia Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
34
Into which class of antimicrobials do Doxy and Tetracylcine fit?
Tetracyclines (obvs, guys)
35
Against what is Gentamicin effective?
Profound Gram Neg activity!
36
List 4 indications for Gentamicin use
Gram Neg Sepsis Serious Abdominal Infections Serious UTIs Biliary Sepsis
37
What is the problem with Gentamicin?
Potentially nephrotoxic
38
Name an Aminoglycoside (Protein Synthesis)
Gentamicin
39
Name 2 Macrolides (Protein Synthesis)
Erythromycin | Clarithromycin
40
Against what is Erythromycin effective?
Gram Pos. | Atypical Respiratory Pathogens
41
List 3 indications for Erythromycin
Whooping Cough Camoylobacter Enteritis Diptheria and Whooping Cough Prophylaxis
42
What is Clarithromycin effective against?
Atypical Mycobacteria | Similar to Erythromycin tbh
43
What are 2 indications for Clarithromycin?
Legionnaire's Disease | H. Pylori as part of Triple Treatment
44
What is the good thing about Erythromycin and Clarithromycin?
Well-distributed, even intracellularly
45
Name a Quinolone (Nucleic Acid Synthesis)
Ciprofloxacin
46
Against what is Ciprofloxacin effective?
``` Gram Negs Atypical Pathogens (ikr, v. unhelpful) ```
47
What is an indication for Ciprofloxacin?
Complex UTI with penicillin allergy | NB: Restricted due to increasing C. Diff resistance!
48
Into which antimicrobial class do Trimethoprim and Co-Trimoxazole fit?
Trimethoprim and Sulphonamides
49
What is Trimethoprim effective against?
Staph Aureus | E. Coli
50
What is an indication for Trimethoprim?
UTI
51
With what is Trimethoprim combined to create Co-Trimoxazole?
SulphamethoXAZOLE
52
Against what is Co-Trimoxazole effective?
MRSA | E.Coli
53
What is Fluconazole?
Antifungal - Azole: Inhibits Membrane Synthesis and Function
54
Against what is Fluconazole effective?
Candida | Itra/Vori/Posaconazole also active against Aspergillus
55
What is an indication for Fluconazole?
Lady Problems eg Thrush
56
What are Polyenes? | Give 2 examples
Antifungals | Nystatin and Amphotericin
57
Against what are Nystatin and Amphotericin effective?
Aspergillus Yeasts Most Moulds
58
Name an indication for each of Nystatin and Amphotericin
Nystatin: Topical Candida Treatment Amphotericin: IV for Systemic Fungi
59
Name 2 antivirals and their mechanisms of action
Aciclovir - Inhibits DNA Polymerase | Oseltamivir (TamiFlu) - Inhibits Neuraminidase
60
Against what is Oseltamivir effective?
Influenza A and B
61
List 5 indications for Aciclovir
``` Herpes Simplex Genital Herpes Encephalitis (Viral obvs) Varicella Zoster Chicken Pox and Shingles ```
62
Name something that is Antibacterial and Antiprotozoal
Metronidazole | And yes technically doxycycline if you said that
63
Against what is Metronidazole effective?
Anaerobic Bacteria Amoebae Giardia Trichomonas
64
List 4 indications for Metronidazole
C.Diff Surgical Prophylaxis Protozoal Infections Abdominal Infections (In Combo)

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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