Common diseases of HIV-positive adults (Pg. 173) - C Flashcards Preview

First Aid 2018 USMLE Step 1 - Tables/Graphs/Equations/Mnemonics > Common diseases of HIV-positive adults (Pg. 173) - C > Flashcards

Flashcards in Common diseases of HIV-positive adults (Pg. 173) - C Deck (18)
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1
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Candida albicans (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Oral thrush
  • Findings: Scrapable white plaque, pseudohyphae on microscopy
2
Q

CD/presentation/findings

EBV (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Oral hairy leukoplakia
  • Findings: Unscrapable white plaque on lateral tongue
3
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Bartonella henselae (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Bacillary angiomatosis
  • Findings: Biopsy with neutrophilic inflammation
4
Q

CD/presentation/findings

HHV-8 (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Kaposi sarcoma
  • Findings: Biopsy with lymphocytic inflammation
5
Q

CD/presentation/findings

HPV (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Squamous cell carcinoma, commonly of anus (men who have sex with men) or cervix (women)
  • Findings: Koilocytes on pap smear
6
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Cryptosporidium (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3
  • Presentation: Chronic Watery Diarrhea
  • Findings: Acid fast oocysts in stool
7
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Histoplasma capsulatum (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 200/mm3
  • Presentation: Fever, weight loss, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Findings: Oval yeast cells within macrophages
8
Q

CD/presentation/findings

HIV (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 200/mm3

- Presentation: Dementia

9
Q

CD/presentation/findings

JC virus (reactivation) (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 200/mm3
  • Presentation: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • Findings: Nonenhancing areas of demyelination on MRI
10
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Pneumocystis jirovecii (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 200/mm3
  • Presentation: Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Findings: “Ground-glass” opacities on CXR
11
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Aspergillus fumigatus (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Presentation: Hemoptysis, pleuritic pain
  • Findings: Cavitation or infiltrates on chest imaging
12
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Candida albicans (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Presentation: Esophagitis
  • Findings: White plaques on endoscopy; yeast and pseudohyphae on biopsy
13
Q

CD/presentation/findings

CMV (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Presentation: Retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis
  • Findings: Linear ulcers on endoscopy, cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy

Biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl eye) inclusion bodies

14
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Cryptococcus neoformans (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Presentation: Meningitis
  • Findings: Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain or capsular antigen ⊕
15
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Cryptosporidium spp. (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Chronic, watery diarrhea
  • Acid-fast oocysts in stool
16
Q

CD/presentation/findings

EBV (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • B-cell lymphoma (eg, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS lymphoma)
  • CNS lymphoma—ring enhancing, may be
    solitary (vs Toxoplasma)
17
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium complex (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3

- Nonspecific systemic symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss) or focal lymphadenitis

18
Q

CD/presentation/findings

Toxoplasma gondii (CD/presentation/findings)

A
  • CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3
  • Brain abscesses
  • Multiple ring-enhancing lesions on MRI

Decks in First Aid 2018 USMLE Step 1 - Tables/Graphs/Equations/Mnemonics Class (81):