Common surgical problems in children

Question 1

Milky vomit at 6 weeks

Answer 1

Pyloric stenosis

Question 2

Presentation of intussussception

Answer 2

Green vomit
Red currant jelly in nappy
tummy swelling

Question 3

Findings of intussusseption on US

Answer 3

Swirly target lesion

Question 4

How are most children with intussussception treated?

Answer 4

Air reduction

Question 5

Presentation of appendicitis

Answer 5

6,7,8 y/o
Vomtiing
Tummy pain
Point to specific point of pain

Question 6

What is baby’s vomiting darkish green bile a sign of?

Answer 6

Obstruction

Question 7

In darkish green vomit in a baby what needs to be excluded?

Answer 7

Mal-Rotation

Question 8

What is malrotation?

Answer 8

Where bowel is not fied properly so it twists around and squeezes and crushes the superor mesentaric artery

Question 9

Investigation for malrotation

Answer 9

Upper GI contrast

Question 10

Consequence of untreated malrotation

Answer 10

Ischaemic bowel

Question 11

Little boy presents with very red testicles that are itchy and redness is on both sides of the scrotum

Answer 11

Idiopathic scrotal oedema

Question 12

How to distinguish between testicular torsion and idiopathic scrotal oedema

Answer 12

redness extends downward in ISO

Question 13

What is pphysiological fibrosis of the penis

Answer 13

Penis can look abnormal as foreskin has not opened up

Question 14

Treatment of penis physiological fibrosis

Answer 14

Steroid cream

Question 15

9, 10, 11 year old boy with foreskin that looks white & scarred

Answer 15

BXO

Question 16

What is paraphimosis

Answer 16

When foreskin is stuck and not coming forward

Question 17

What is the most comon congenital abnormality of the renal tract

Answer 17

Hypospadias

Question 18

What is hypospadias?

Answer 18

Wee coming out the wrong place

Question 19

What is a hydrocoele?

Answer 19

Bag of fluid around the testicle

Question 20

How does hydrocoele present?

Answer 20

Swelling in the scrotum that comes and goes

Can look blue & bruised

Question 21

In which patients are hernias to be operated on promptly?

Answer 21

Premature babies

Question 22

Why do undescended testicles need to be brought down?

Answer 22

Fertillity (wrong temp)
More likely to twist
Cancer risk

Question 23

What is bronchilitis?

Answer 23

Acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles usually caused by RSV

Question 24

Management of bronchiolitis

Answer 24

Supportive treatment

Question 25

Presentation of croup

Answer 25

Barking cough

Question 26

Management of croup

Answer 26

Steroids (lessen oedema but does nothing for infection)

Question 27

Causes fro wheeze other than asthma

Answer 27

Anaphylaxis Foreign body Aspiration

Question 28

Child with lots of chest infections

Answer 28

CF

Question 29

What test is used to asses if a rash in meningiococcal or not?

Answer 29

Tumblers test

Question 30

What are reflex anoxic seizures

Answer 30

White breath holding episodes | Associated with asystole

Question 31

What should be considered when a young child gets a UTI?

Answer 31

Abnormal urinary tract

Question 32

How much fluid is given to an acutely ill child?

Answer 32

20mls/kg

Question 33

Signs of a severely dehyrated child

Answer 33

``` Dry mucuous membranes Sunken fontanelles/eyes Decreased skin turgir Shock Altered conscious level ```