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Introduction to Animal Science > Common Terminologies > Flashcards

Common Terminologies Flashcards

Large Ruminants

1
Q

feeding at pleasure, unlimited or liberal

A

Ad libitum

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2
Q

Scientific name of a Cattle

(A Humpless Cattle)

A

Bos taurus

Originated from Aurochs and The Celtic Shorthorns

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3
Q

What are ruminant animals?

A

Any Member of the Artiodactyla

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4
Q

An example of a Ruminant animal

A

Sheep, Cattle, Goat, Buffalo, Camel, Giraffe, and Deer

their from the subspecies “Ruminantia”

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5
Q

Define the characteristics of a Ruminant Animal

A
  • Even toed and hoofed
  • Cud-chewing mammals
  • 4 chambered stomachs
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6
Q

Name the 4 chambered stomach of the Ruminant Animal

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
  4. Abomasum
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7
Q

Other term of Rumen

(The 1st stomach of a Ruminant)

A

“room-in-it”

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8
Q

What are the functions of Rumen?

A
  • Acts as a storage or holdin vat for feed
  • Has rumen microbes capable of digesting or fermenting feeds
  • Converts large amount of Roughages into amino acids
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9
Q

What is the structure and also, what are the functions of the ‘Reticulum’?

(The 2nd Stomach)

A
  • It is a Honey comb like structure
  • Where the cud is further grinded and formed into balls, and it will travel back into mouth to be chewed again
  • Collects smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum
  • A compartment where liquid goes
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10
Q

Functions of the Omasum

(The 3rd Stomach)

A
  • Grinds and squeezes
  • plays a role in the absorption of water, electrolytes, volatile fatty acids, and minerals.
  • Removes some liquid
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11
Q

Which of the 4 chambered stomach is the ‘true stomach’?

A

ABOMASUM

(The 4th and true stomach)

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12
Q

Main function of the Abomasum

A
  • Secretes digestive enzymes to initiate the digestion of proteins

these secretions helps prepare proteins for absorption in the intestines

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13
Q

Which enzyme breaks down proteins?

(from the abomasum)

A

a.) Pepsin
b.) Pancreatic Lipase

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14
Q

Which enzyme breaks down fats?

(from the abomasum)

A

a.) Pepsin
b.) Pancreatic lipase

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15
Q

Where does the Abomasum recieves the digestive enzymes?

A

The Pancreas

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16
Q

What is backgrounding?

A

Growing and feeding of calves from weaning until they are ready to enter the feedlot

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17
Q

It is a cattle that has a Hump

A

Bos indicus

Humped cattle or Brahman cattle

Bos indicus cattle (Zebus)

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18
Q

The origin land of Bos indicus cattle

A

South Asia

(Specifically in India or Pakistan)

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19
Q

Phenotype of Bos indicus cattle

A
  • Looser skin or Large dewlap
  • Large hump over shoulder and neck
  • Large droopy ears
  • Lighter coat
  • Have horns that usually curve up and back

Some bloodline of this breed have naturally polled horns

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20
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of owning a Bos indicus cattle

A

Advantages
* well adapted to hot and tropical climates
* have the ability to tolerate heat/humidity
* more resistance to parasites
* have the ability to thrive despite lower quality feeds
* higher dressing percentage

Disadvantages
* slower maturing
* lower milk yeilds
* have a perception of lower marbling and tenderness
* lower reproductive rate

These are according to recent studies about Brahman cattle

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21
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of owning a Bos taurus cattle

A

Advantages
* well adapted to cooler climates
* specialize breeds such as Dairy cattles have much greater milk volumes
* faster weight gain to target finish size
* specialized breeds have higher meat quality grades

Disadvantages
* less tolerance for hot conditions
* less effective thermoregulation
* not as resilient in consuming poor forage

these findings are according to recent studies about Bos taurus cattles

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22
Q

Why there are programs in crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattles?

A

In general, Bos indicus genetics confer tropical adaptation, disease resistance, and longevity. Whereas Bos taurus imparts greater productivity. As such, crossbred cattle with both Bos indicus and Bos taurus traits often balance the production and adaptive fitness.

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23
Q

What do you call an adult male cattle?

A

Bull

Facts: For a male carabao, it is called a ‘Carabull’

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24
Q

What do you call an adult female cattle?

A

Cow

Facts: For a female carabao, it’s called a ‘Caracow’

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25
Q

What do you call a young cattle of either sex?

A

Calf

Facts: ‘Caracalf’ is the term for any young carabao of either sex

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26
Q

What is the gestation period of a Cow?

279 to 287 for some breeds, but what is the most common duration?

A

9 months / 283 days

For Caracows, it could take 310-315 days on average

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27
Q

Estrous cycle of a Cow

A

3 weeks / 21 days

Same goes with Caracows

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28
Q

What do you call a read-to-breed female cow?

A

Heifer

Facts: Caraheifer is the term for a ready-to-breed female carabao

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29
Q

What do you call a castrated young/juvenile bull?

A

Steer

Facts: Carasteer is also applied if it is a castrated young male carabao

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30
Q

The parturition of a Cow is called…

A

Calving

Same as Carabaos

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31
Q

High energy, high protein concentration feed for dairy calf

A

Cow starter

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32
Q

The meat of a cattle and carabao are called…

A

Beef and Carabeef

The meat of a carabao above 2 years of age

33
Q

Body of a dead or slaughtered animal is called…

A

Carcass

34
Q

The throwing of animal for proper training

A

Cast down

35
Q

Surgical operation during which the primary male sex organs are removed is called…

A

Castration

36
Q

What is colustrum?

A

The milk produced in the first few days after parturition

37
Q

Gains or feeds that are low in crude fiber but having high digestable nutrient content

A

Concentrate

Examples of concentrates are: Cottonseed cake, Barley, and Maize

38
Q

What is the other term for Pregnancy?

A

Conception

39
Q

What is copulation?

A

The mating between male and female animals

40
Q

Mating crossbred females to a sire belonging to one of the parent breeds of the female.

A

Crisscrossing

41
Q

Other term for Crisscrossing

A

Backcrossing

42
Q

Dam mating of different breeds is called…

A

Crossbreeding

43
Q

The process of eliminating the unproductive animals from the herd

A

Culling

44
Q

Steers of dairy breed grown and finished the same as beef steers. It is also includes all cows, heifers, culls, calves, and incluing veal calves

A

Dairy beef

45
Q

Hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals especially some breeds of cattle and goats.

A

Dewlap

46
Q

A term for an easily managed or handled animal

A

Docile

47
Q

What is a Dry cow?

A

Non-lactating cow

It’s a stage of their lactation cycle where milk production ceases

48
Q

To adapt the behavior of an animal to fit the needs of people

A

Domesticate

49
Q

Animal used for pulling loads or for work

A

Draft animal

50
Q

The time during which the female will accept the male for copulation

A

Estrus

or Estrous

51
Q

Other term for Estrus

A

“in heat”

52
Q

Carabao/Buffalo or Cattle for fattening at least 2 to 3 years old

A

Feeder

53
Q

Weaned calf which is under one year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth

A

Feeder calf

54
Q

It is the increasing amount of feed fed to an animal for a short period of time usually just prior to breeding

A

Flushing

54
Q

What is Gestation?

A

The time during which the animal is pregnant

55
Q

The mating of purebred sires to grade females

A

Grading up

56
Q

A group of animals in a farm is called…

A

Herd

57
Q

What is Inbreeding?

A

Mating of closely related animals

58
Q

what would be the outcome if animals do start inbreeding?

A
  • poorer reproductive efficiency
  • higher mortality rates
  • lower growth rates
  • higher frequency of heredity abnormalities
  • homozygosity (which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits)
59
Q

A form of inbreeding in which the animals being mated are more distantly related than in close-breeding and their ancestors can be traced back to one common ancestor.

A

Line breeding

Mating of animals from 2 different lines in the same breed

60
Q

What is the purpose of Pastuerized milk?

A

Milk is heated at 63’C for 30 mins to destroy any harmful organism, while causing minimal changes in the composition, flavor and nutritive value

60
Q

The mating of animals of different families within the same breed

A

Outcrossing

61
Q

Land with herbage or forage crops for grazing animals

It’s where farm animals graze on grasses

A

Pasture

62
Q

Record of the ancestors of an animal

A

Pedigree

63
Q

What is* Phenotype*
?

A

Physical appearance of an animal

64
Q

Feed allowed for a given animal for a day or 24 hoursn whether it is fed at one time or in proportions at different times.

A

Ration

65
Q

Rectal palpatation is…

A

A method for pregnancy diagnosis

66
Q

Feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry

A

Roughage

67
Q

In ruminants, the process of chewing cuds is called…

A

Rumination

68
Q

Forage which has been placed in silos to preserve it and make it palatable

A

Silage

69
Q

Undesirable characteristic of some carabaos/cattles of not manifesting heat openly

A

Silent Heat

70
Q

Fresh forage cut to feed animals tethered or kept in sheds

A

Soilage

71
Q

The process of separating the calf from the dam

A

Wean

72
Q

Why must a calf needs to start eating grasses in it early age?

A
  • to develop their papillae
  • improve rumen fermentation
  • muscular development of the rumen as well as microbial growth necessary to develop rumen function.
73
Q

What would happen if you feed your cattles with only high protein concentrates but not roughages or not letting them go outside to graze on grasses?

A

It can cause digestive issues such as acidosis and bloating

74
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of natural breeding?

A

Advantages

  • It requires minimal effort from breeders, since they can rely of the performance from a Bull
  • It does not involve the use of scientific techniques to mate the animals.
  • Heavy expenditure on laboratories, equipments or expert personell for carrying out the mating process is not involved.
  • Pior collection of semen is not involve

Disadvantages

  • may result inbreeding
  • possibility of spreading venereal disease through sexual contact
  • both male and female might get hurt during copulation
  • needs a quiet space in order for the copulation to proceed smoothly
75
Q

How many Cattle breed there are?

A

There are as many** 195 breeds **and types in the world, but some may not qualify as a distinct breed if the biological definition of a breed is considered.

76
Q
A
77
Q

What is the Ratio for a Bull to breed throughout the year?

A

1:25

Introduction to Animal Science (2 decks)

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