Common Terminologies

Question 1

feeding at pleasure, unlimited or liberal

Answer 1

Ad libitum

Question 2

Scientific name of a Cattle

(A Humpless Cattle)

Answer 2

Bos taurus

Originated from Aurochs and The Celtic Shorthorns

Question 3

What are ruminant animals?

Answer 3

Any Member of the Artiodactyla

Question 4

An example of a Ruminant animal

Answer 4

Sheep, Cattle, Goat, Buffalo, Camel, Giraffe, and Deer

their from the subspecies “Ruminantia”

Question 5

Define the characteristics of a Ruminant Animal

Answer 5

• Even toed and hoofed
• Cud-chewing mammals
• 4 chambered stomachs

Question 6

Name the 4 chambered stomach of the Ruminant Animal

Answer 6

1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. Abomasum

Question 7

Other term of Rumen

(The 1st stomach of a Ruminant)

Answer 7

“room-in-it”

Question 8

What are the functions of Rumen?

Answer 8

• Acts as a storage or holdin vat for feed
• Has rumen microbes capable of digesting or fermenting feeds
• Converts large amount of Roughages into amino acids

Question 9

What is the structure and also, what are the functions of the ‘Reticulum’?

(The 2nd Stomach)

Answer 9

• It is a Honey comb like structure
• Where the cud is further grinded and formed into balls, and it will travel back into mouth to be chewed again
• Collects smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum
• A compartment where liquid goes

Question 10

Functions of the Omasum

(The 3rd Stomach)

Answer 10

• Grinds and squeezes
• plays a role in the absorption of water, electrolytes, volatile fatty acids, and minerals.
• Removes some liquid

Question 11

Which of the 4 chambered stomach is the ‘true stomach’?

Answer 11

ABOMASUM

(The 4th and true stomach)

Question 12

Main function of the Abomasum

Answer 12

• Secretes digestive enzymes to initiate the digestion of proteins

these secretions helps prepare proteins for absorption in the intestines

Question 13

Which enzyme breaks down proteins?

(from the abomasum)

Answer 13

a.) Pepsin
b.) Pancreatic Lipase

Question 14

Which enzyme breaks down fats?

(from the abomasum)

Answer 14

a.) Pepsin
b.) Pancreatic lipase

Question 15

Where does the Abomasum recieves the digestive enzymes?

Answer 15

The Pancreas

Question 16

What is backgrounding?

Answer 16

Growing and feeding of calves from weaning until they are ready to enter the feedlot

Question 17

It is a cattle that has a Hump

Answer 17

Bos indicus

Humped cattle or Brahman cattle

Bos indicus cattle (Zebus)

Question 18

The origin land of Bos indicus cattle

Answer 18

South Asia

(Specifically in India or Pakistan)

Question 19

Phenotype of Bos indicus cattle

Answer 19

• Looser skin or Large dewlap
• Large hump over shoulder and neck
• Large droopy ears
• Lighter coat
• Have horns that usually curve up and back

Some bloodline of this breed have naturally polled horns

Question 20

Advantages and Disadvantages of owning a Bos indicus cattle

Answer 20

Advantages
* well adapted to hot and tropical climates
* have the ability to tolerate heat/humidity
* more resistance to parasites
* have the ability to thrive despite lower quality feeds
* higher dressing percentage

Disadvantages
* slower maturing
* lower milk yeilds
* have a perception of lower marbling and tenderness
* lower reproductive rate

These are according to recent studies about Brahman cattle

Question 21

Advantages and Disadvantages of owning a Bos taurus cattle

Answer 21

Advantages
* well adapted to cooler climates
* specialize breeds such as Dairy cattles have much greater milk volumes
* faster weight gain to target finish size
* specialized breeds have higher meat quality grades

Disadvantages
* less tolerance for hot conditions
* less effective thermoregulation
* not as resilient in consuming poor forage

these findings are according to recent studies about Bos taurus cattles

Question 22

Why there are programs in crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattles?

Answer 22

In general, Bos indicus genetics confer tropical adaptation, disease resistance, and longevity. Whereas Bos taurus imparts greater productivity. As such, crossbred cattle with both Bos indicus and Bos taurus traits often balance the production and adaptive fitness.

Question 23

What do you call an adult male cattle?

Answer 23

Bull

Facts: For a male carabao, it is called a ‘Carabull’

Question 24

What do you call an adult female cattle?

Answer 24

Cow

Facts: For a female carabao, it’s called a ‘Caracow’

Question 25

What do you call a young cattle of either sex?

Answer 25

Calf | Facts: 'Caracalf' is the term for any young carabao of either sex

Question 26

What is the gestation period of a Cow? | 279 to 287 for some breeds, but what is the most common duration?

Answer 26

9 months / 283 days | For Caracows, it could take 310-315 days on average

Question 27

Estrous cycle of a Cow

Answer 27

3 weeks / 21 days | Same goes with Caracows

Question 28

# [](http://) What do you call a read-to-breed female cow?

Answer 28

Heifer | Facts: Caraheifer is the term for a ready-to-breed female carabao

Question 29

What do you call a castrated young/juvenile bull?

Answer 29

Steer | Facts: Carasteer is also applied if it is a castrated young male carabao

Question 30

The parturition of a Cow is called...

Answer 30

Calving | Same as Carabaos

Question 31

High energy, high protein concentration feed for dairy calf

Answer 31

Cow starter

Question 32

The meat of a cattle and carabao are called...

Answer 32

Beef and Carabeef | The meat of a carabao above 2 years of age

Question 33

Body of a dead or slaughtered animal is called...

Answer 33

Carcass

Question 34

The throwing of animal for proper training

Answer 34

Cast down

Question 35

Surgical operation during which the primary male sex organs are removed is called...

Answer 35

Castration

Question 36

What is *colustrum?*

Answer 36

The milk produced in the first few days after parturition

Question 37

Gains or feeds that are low in crude fiber but having high digestable nutrient content

Answer 37

Concentrate | Examples of concentrates are: Cottonseed cake, Barley, and Maize

Question 38

What is the other term for Pregnancy?

Answer 38

Conception

Question 39

What is *copulation?*

Answer 39

The mating between male and female animals

Question 40

Mating crossbred females to a sire belonging to one of the parent breeds of the female.

Answer 40

Crisscrossing

Question 41

Other term for *Crisscrossing*

Answer 41

Backcrossing

Question 42

Dam mating of different breeds is called...

Answer 42

Crossbreeding

Question 43

The process of eliminating the unproductive animals from the herd

Answer 43

Culling

Question 44

Steers of dairy breed grown and finished the same as beef steers. It is also includes all cows, heifers, culls, calves, and incluing veal calves

Answer 44

Dairy beef

Question 45

Hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals especially some breeds of cattle and goats.

Answer 45

Dewlap

Question 46

A term for an easily managed or handled animal

Answer 46

Docile

Question 47

What is a Dry cow?

Answer 47

Non-lactating cow | It's a stage of their lactation cycle where milk production ceases

Question 48

To adapt the behavior of an animal to fit the needs of people

Answer 48

Domesticate

Question 49

Animal used for pulling loads or for work

Answer 49

Draft animal

Question 50

The time during which the female will accept the male for copulation

Answer 50

Estrus | or Estrous

Question 51

Other term for Estrus

Answer 51

"in heat"

Question 52

Carabao/Buffalo or Cattle for fattening at least 2 to 3 years old

Answer 52

Feeder

Question 53

Weaned calf which is under one year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth

Answer 53

Feeder calf

Question 54

It is the increasing amount of feed fed to an animal for a short period of time usually just prior to breeding

Answer 54

Flushing

Question 54

What is *Gestation*?

Answer 54

The time during which the animal is pregnant

Question 55

The mating of purebred sires to grade females

Answer 55

Grading up

Question 56

A group of animals in a farm is called...

Answer 56

Herd

Question 57

What is *Inbreeding*?

Answer 57

Mating of closely related animals

Question 58

what would be the outcome if animals do start inbreeding?

Answer 58

* poorer reproductive efficiency * higher mortality rates * lower growth rates * higher frequency of heredity abnormalities * homozygosity (which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits)

Question 59

A form of inbreeding in which the animals being mated are more distantly related than in close-breeding and their ancestors can be traced back to one common ancestor.

Answer 59

Line breeding | Mating of animals from 2 different lines in the same breed

Question 60

What is the purpose of *Pastuerized milk?*

Answer 60

Milk is heated at 63'C for 30 mins to destroy any harmful organism, while causing minimal changes in the composition, flavor and nutritive value

Question 60

The mating of animals of different families within the same breed

Answer 60

Outcrossing

Question 61

Land with herbage or forage crops for grazing animals | It's where farm animals graze on grasses

Answer 61

Pasture

Question 62

Record of the ancestors of an animal

Answer 62

Pedigree

Question 63

What is* Phenotype* ?

Answer 63

Physical appearance of an animal

Question 64

Feed allowed for a given animal for a day or 24 hoursn whether it is fed at one time or in proportions at different times.

Answer 64

Ration

Question 65

Rectal palpatation is...

Answer 65

A method for pregnancy diagnosis

Question 66

Feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry

Answer 66

Roughage

Question 67

In ruminants, the process of chewing cuds is called...

Answer 67

Rumination

Question 68

Forage which has been placed in silos to preserve it and make it palatable

Answer 68

Silage

Question 69

Undesirable characteristic of some carabaos/cattles of not manifesting heat openly

Answer 69

Silent Heat

Question 70

Fresh forage cut to feed animals tethered or kept in sheds

Answer 70

Soilage

Question 71

The process of separating the calf from the dam

Answer 71

Wean

Question 72

Why must a calf needs to start eating grasses in it early age?

Answer 72

* to develop their papillae * improve rumen fermentation * muscular development of the rumen as well as microbial growth necessary to develop rumen function.

Question 73

What would happen if you feed your cattles with only high protein concentrates but not roughages or not letting them go outside to graze on grasses?

Answer 73

It can cause digestive issues such as **acidosis** and **bloating**

Question 74

What are the advantages and disadvantages of natural breeding?

Answer 74

**Advantages** * It requires minimal effort from breeders, since they can rely of the performance from a Bull * It does not involve the use of scientific techniques to mate the animals. * Heavy expenditure on laboratories, equipments or expert personell for carrying out the mating process is not involved. * Pior collection of semen is not involve **Disadvantages** * may result inbreeding * possibility of spreading venereal disease through sexual contact * both male and female might get hurt during copulation * needs a quiet space in order for the copulation to proceed smoothly

Question 75

How many Cattle breed there are?

Answer 75

There are as many** 195 breeds **and types in the world, but some may not qualify as a distinct breed if the biological definition of a breed is considered.

Question 77

What is the Ratio for a Bull to breed throughout the year?

Answer 77

1:25