comparative genomics Flashcards
(19 cards)
what are comparative genomics?
a way to obtain genomics
define genomics?
the branch of molecular biology that focuses on the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.
what are genomes?
a complete set of genetic information in an organism
what are some techniques used to establish the relationship between different species?
- sequencing of common proteins (eg. cytochromes)
- DNA - DNA hybridization
- DNA - sequencing
comparative genomics provides evidence for evolution and helps establish the likely evolutionary relationship between…
different species
what do comparative genomes rely on?
they rely on the fact that mutations occur at a relatively constant state over time
the longer two organisms have been separated from a common ancestor means?
the number of differences in their genes and corresponding proteins will be much greater
do DNA and protein sequences usually show greater similarity between closely related groups of organisms or between distantly related groups?
DNA and protein sequences usually show greater similarity between closely related groups of organisms
true or false: if different species produce proteins with very similar amino acid sequences, can this infer that their DNA is similar and inherited from a recent common ancestor
true
what would an organism which respires aerobically need?
cytochrome c
how many sequences of cytochrome c, do chimpanzees and humans match?
chimpanzees and humans match all 104 of its amino acids
how many amino acids differ human cytochrome c from rabbit cytochrome c?
9 amino acids
what have evolutionary relationships based on the protein (cytochrome c) been shown to correlate with?
they have been shown to correlate with fossil evidence
what diagram is used to represent evolutionary relationships?
phylogenetic trees
similarity in function implies..
a similarity in proteins (such as enzymes) between species
similar proteins imply..
similar DNA sequences (genes)
what are similarities in different organisms linked to?
these are linked to similarities in their DNA and protein molecules
rRNA sequencing involves what?
this involves looking at the sequence of bases in an organism’s rRNA strand
true or false: rRNA is transcribed from DNA
true, the sequence of bases in an organism’s rRNA gives an indication of the bases in its DNA
